Influence of Fe Addition on the Martensitic Transformation, Structure and Magnetic Properties of Metamagnetic Ni-Co-Mn-Sn Alloys

In this study the effect of Fe for Ni substitution in Ni44Co6Mn39Sn11 metamagnetic shape memory alloys on their structure, magneto-structural transformation characteristics, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties was studied. The results show that the structure and martensite transformation behavior strongly depends on the Fe concentration. The martensitic transformation temperature decreases with 1 at.% of Fe and is suppressed with higher Fe content. It was further found that substitution of Fe for Ni leads to lowering of the value of magnetic entropy change

Influence of Fe addition on the martensitic transformation, structure and magnetic properties of metamagnetic Ni-Co-Mn-Sn alloys

In this study the effect of Fe for Ni substitution in Ni₄₄Co₆Mn₃₉Sn₁₁ metamagnetic shape memory alloys on their structure, magneto-structural transformation characteristics, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties was studied. The results show that the structure and martensite transformation behavior strongly depends on the Fe concentration. The martensitic transformation temperature decreases with 1 at.% of Fe and is suppressed with higher Fe content. It was further found that substitution of Fe for Ni leads to lowering of the value of magnetic entropy change

Efficiency Evaluation Method for the Devices with Infrasound Impact on Functioning of Computer Equipment

A significant threat to critical infrastructure of computer systems has a destructive impact caused by infrasound waves. It is shown that the known infrasound generations are based on using the following devices: a Helmholtz Resonator, Generation by using a Pulsating Sphere such as Monopolies, Rotor-type Radiator, Resonating Cylinder, VLF Speaker, Method of Paired Ultrasound Radiator, and airscrew. Research of these devices was made in this paper by revealing their characteristics, main advantages and disadvantages. A directional pattern of infrasound radiation and a graph of dependence of infrasound radiation from the consumed power was constructed. Also, during the analysis of these devices, there was proven a set of basic parameters, the values of which make it possible to characterize their structural and operational characteristics. Then approximate values of the proposed parameters of each those considered devices, were calculated. A new method was developed for evaluating the effectiveness of infrasound generation devices based on the definition of the integral efficiency index, which is calculated using the designed parameters. An example of practical application of the derived method, was shown. The use of the method makes it possible, taking into account the conditions and requirements of the infrasound generation devices construction, to choose from them the most efficient one

Influence of CO2 emissions reduction on the functioning of the transport biofuels sectors in Poland with particular emphasis on bio-ethanol sector

The article discusses issues related to bioethanol production in Poland in terms of the requirements of the EU. Also this paper presents models of research and decision-making model on the basis of which were completed survey among companies producing bioethanol, and the model recommended for the future. For the presented examples of companies producing bioethanol of 1.generation it should be made in the context of technical and technological change and environmental issues. Plants producing bioethanol of 1st generation must increase the reduction of CO2 emissions by at least 50% since 2017. Chances of achieving these parameters are betting 1-phase production of bioethanol, while reduction of CO2 emissions in the 2-phase plant are too low, below the required threshold of 50%

The growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in low-direct current electric fields

Electrical potentials up to 800 mV can be observed between different metallic dental restorations. These potentials produce fields in the mouth that may interfere with microbial communities. The present study focuses on the impact of different electric field strengths (EFS) on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) in vitro. Cultures of S. aureus and E. coli in fluid and gel medium were exposed to different EFS. Effects were determined by calculation of viable counts and measurement of inhibition zones. In gel medium, anodic inhibition zones for S. aureus were larger than those for E. coli at all field strength levels. In fluid medium, the maximum decrease in the viable count of S. aureus cells was at 10 V center dot m(-1). Field-treated S. aureus cells presented ruptured cell walls and disintegrated cytoplasm. Conclusively, S. aureus is more sensitive to increasing electric field strength than E. coli

Metabolic syndrome is associated with similar long-term prognosis in non-obese and obese patients. An analysis of 45 615 patients from the nationwide LIPIDOGRAM 2004-2015 cohort studies

Aims We aimed to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and long-term all-cause mortality. Methods The LIPIDOGRAM studies were carried out in the primary care in Poland in 2004, 2006 and 2015. MetS was diagnosed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. The cohort was divided into four groups: non-obese patients without MetS, obese patients without MetS, non-obese patients with MetS and obese patients with MetS. Differences in all-cause mortality was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Results 45,615 participants were enrolled (mean age 56.3, standard deviation: 11.8 years; 61.7% female). MetS was diagnosed in 14,202 (31%) by NCEP/ATP III criteria, and 17,216 (37.7%) by JIS criteria. Follow-up was available for 44,620 (97.8%, median duration 15.3 years) patients. MetS was associated with increased mortality risk among the obese (hazard ratio, HR: 1.88 [95% CI, 1.79-1.99] and HR: 1.93 [95% CI 1.82-2.04], according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria, respectively) and non-obese individuals (HR: 2.11 [95% CI 1.85-2.40] and 1.7 [95% CI, 1.56-1.85] according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria respectively). Obese patients without MetS had a higher mortality risk than non-obese patients without MetS (HR: 1.16 [95% CI 1.10-1.23] and HR: 1.22 [95%CI 1.15-1.30], respectively in subgroups with NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria applied). Conclusions MetS is associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in non-obese and obese patients. In patients without MetS obesity remains significantly associated with mortality. The concept of metabolically healthy obesity should be revised