Clinicopathologic features of incidental prostatic adenocarcinoma in radical cystoprostatectomy specimens

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this study is to review all features of incidentally discovered prostate adenocarcinoma in patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The medical charts of 300 male patients who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer between 1997 and 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 62 (range 51-75) years.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Prostate adenocarcinoma was present in 60 (20%) of 300 specimens. All were acinar adenocarcinoma. Of these, 40 (66.7%) were located in peripheral zone, 20 (33.3%) had pT2a tumor, 12 (20%) had pT2b tumor, 22(36.7%) had pT2c and, 6 (10%) had pT3a tumor. Gleason score was 6 or less in 48 (80%) patients. Surgical margins were negative in 54 (90%) patients, and tumor volume was less than 0.5 cc in 23 (38.3%) patients. Of the 60 incidentally detected cases of prostate adenocarcinoma 40 (66.7%) were considered clinically significant.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Incidentally detected prostate adenocarcinoma is frequently observed in radical cystoprostatectomy specimens. The majority are clinically significant.</p

Creative Reverse Engineering – from remote sensuality to haptic metrology

Our ongoing experimentation in close-range Photogrammetry has overcome common challenges to generate accurate, high-resolution 3D models using a single DSLR camera and innovative approaches and computer-coded devices. More recent investigations across disciplines sought to bridge the gap between traditional creative skills and modes of visualisation, and what can be made possible through digital means. Working as artists and designers alongside museums and historians, we have developed new photogrammetry equipment and approaches to help overcome the complex fluid geometry, shadowy occlusions and delicate lamina edges of challenging monochromatic garments. The resulting 3D models have allowed the rapid extraction of faithful seams and surfaces direct from the processed ‘mesh’ and into CAD modelling environments for the production of new designs, patterns and production tooling. Current collaborations seek to apply these developments to the capture, visualisation and reverse engineering of iconic garments and museum artefacts, alongside the 'remote sensing' of traditional pattern cutters whose eyes, minds and hands are the equivalent of the digital approaches explored in our paper. The second phase sought to unpick some of the familiar structures of object- and asset creation in and for Virtual and Augmented Reality. Experimenting with equipment, methods and processing techniques allowed us to explore the potential of 3D visualisations and readily available tools within Virtual and Augmented Reality for garment design and other forms of object-based creative ideation, sketching and prototyping. In the next stages of our ongoing research we explored a more haptic form of CAD-enabled modelling and metrology, aiming to bring these approaches within the reach of a wider range of creative users: enabling artists, designers and makers to move more seamlessly between digital tools and virtual environments, and actual things in real time and space

Investigation of the Impact of Turbulence Models on Robust Aerodynamic Shape Optimization

The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of two commonly used turbulence models in Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations on the optimum design obtained with the gradient-based deterministic and robust aerodynamic shape optimization in transonic, viscous, turbulent flow. The robust design is performed under the variation of Mach number defined as the uncertain variable. The impact of each turbulence model is evaluated in terms of the computational cost and the difference in the shape and the performance of final design obtained with different turbulence models. The two turbulence models investigated include Spalart-Allmaras and the Menter\u27s Shear Stress Transport models. In this study, Hicks-Henne bump functions, B-Spline curves and Free-Form Deformation are utilized as shape parameterization techniques. The results of the current study show that the shape parameterization technique has larger impact on the computational cost compared to the turbulence model in both deterministic and robust design. Robust design tends to reduce the impact of the turbulence model selection on the optimum shape and performance, whereas the turbulence model becomes important for the deterministic design at off-design conditions. In this study, the improvement of the robustness of the final design obtained with stochastic optimization approach is also demonstrated over the Mach number range considered as the uncertain operating condition

Effect of Turbulence Models on Aerodynamic Optimization of 3-D Wing Geometries

The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of two commonly used turbulence models in Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations on three-dimensional optimum design obtained with the gradient-based deterministic aerodynamic shape optimization in transonic, viscous, turbulent flow. The main contribution of this study to aerodynamic design area is to evaluate the impact of turbulence models on the computational cost, optimal shape and its performance obtained with deterministic optimization. The two turbulence models investigated include Spalart-Allmaras and the Menter’s Shear Stress Transport models. In this study, Free-Form Deformation is utilized as shape parameterization technique. The results of the current study show that deterministic design tends to reduce the impact of the turbulence model selection on the optimum shape and performance at deterministic Mach number. It is also observed that the computational cost of optimization is almost constant for each turbulence model

A study on forces acting on a flapping wing

In order to study the forces acting on a flapping wing, an experimental investigation is performed in steady water flow. In this study, a SD7003 airfoil undergoes combined pitching and plunging motion which simulates the forward flight of small birds. The frequency of pitching motion is equal to the frequency of plunging motion and pitch leads the plunge by a phase angle of 90 degrees. The experiments are conducted at Reynolds numbers of 2500 ≤ Re ≤ 13700 and the vortex formation is recorded using the digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) technique. A prediction of thrust force and efficiency is calculated from the average wake deficit of DPIV data, the near-wake vorticity patterns and time dependent velocity vectors are determined to comment on the thrust and drag indication. Direct force measurements are attempted using a Force/Torque sensor which is capable of measuring forces and moments in three axial directions

After a urological laparoscopic training programme, which laparoscopic method is safer and more feasible in the management of proximal ureteral stones: Transperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

PubMedID: 27524530Objectives: To compare the results of the management of the first 25 transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomies with the first 25 retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomies performed by two surgeons who had just completed a laparoscopic training programme. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at Adana Numune Teaching and Research Hospital and comprised retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomies and transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomies performed by two different surgeons on patients with proximal ureteral stones between November 2011 and March 2013. The transperitoneal and retroperitoneal procedures were categorised as Groups A and B, respectively. Patients in Group A were operated on by the same surgeon (DA) and those in Group B were operated on by the other surgeon (FK). Groups were compared according to operative time, duration of drainage and urethral catheter, hospital stay, stone size, surgical success and complications. Results: There were 50 patients in the study; 25(50%) in each of the two groups. Success rates in Group A and B were 21(84%) and 20(80%), respectively (p>0.05). Complications were seen in 8(32%) and 11(44%) patients in Group A and B, respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion: The transperitoneal approach was more advantageous than the retroperitoneal approach for less-experienced surgeons because it provided a wider operating field, a more familiar anatomy and more convenient suturing. © 2016, Pakistan Medical Association. All rights reserved

Emergency endovascular intervention after mortal complication of lumbar spinal operation

Intraoperative iatrogenic great vessel injuries that can be seen in lumbar disc hernia operation are rare conditions but it can he a fatal complication depending on its extension. Rapid diagnosis and treatment is vital. This type of iatrogenic vascular injuries can he applied to standard Open surgical techniques or endovascular procedures. We presented a case that had vascular injury complication during lumbar spinal surgery. Emergency endovascular intervention was discussed when it was detected