196 research outputs found
Velocity fluctuations in forced Burgers turbulence
We propose a simple method to compute the velocity difference statistics in
forced Burgers turbulence in any dimension. Within a reasonnable assumption
concerning the nucleation and coalescence of shocks, we find in particular that
the `left' tail of the distribution decays as an inverse square power, which is
compatible with numerical data. Our results are compared to those of various
recent approaches: instantons, operator product expansion, replicas.Comment: 10 pages latex, one postcript figur
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ²
Objectives. The purpose of this analytical review is to evaluate the market for osteoplastic materials and surgical implants, as well as study the features of new-generation materials and the results of clinical applications.Methods. This review summarizes the volumes of research articles presented in the electronic database PubMed and eLIBRARY. A total of 129 scientific articles related to biological systems, calcium phosphate, polymer, and biocomposite matrices as carriers of pharmaceutical substances, primary recombinant protein osteoinductors, antibiotics, and biologically active chemical reagents were analyzed and summarized. The search depth was 10 years.Results. Demineralized bone matrix constitutes 26% of all types of osteoplastic matrices used globally in surgical osteology, which includes neurosurgery, traumatology and orthopedics, dentistry, and maxillofacial and pediatric surgery. Among the matrices, polymer and biocomposite matrices are outstanding. Special attention is paid to the possibility of immobilizing osteogenic factors and target pharmaceutical substances on the scaffold material to achieve controlled and prolonged release at the site of surgical implantation. Polymeric and biocomposite materials can retard the release of pharmaceutical substances at the implantation site, promoting a decrease in the toxicity and an improvement in the therapeutic effect. The use of composite scaffolds of different compositions in vivo results in high osteogenesis, promotes the initialization of biomineralization, and enables the tuning of the degradation rate of the material.Conclusions. Osteoplastic materials of various compositions in combination with drugs showed accelerated regeneration and mineralization of bone tissue in vivo, excluding systemic side reactions. Furthermore, although some materials have already been registered as commercial drugs, a plethora of unresolved problems remain. Due to the limited clinical studies of materials for use on humans, there is still an insufficient understanding of the toxicity of materials, time of their resorption, speed of drug delivery, and the possible long-term adverse effects of using implants of different compositions.Π¦Π΅Π»ΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ° β Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»Π°Ρ
Β«PubMedΒ» ΠΈ Β«eLIBRARYΒ». ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» 129 Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΠΌ: Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ (ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²). ΠΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° 10 Π»Π΅Ρ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΡΠ΄Π° Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ, Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ (ΠΠΠ) Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ 26%. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΠΠ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅-Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° in vivo Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ in vivo, ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. Π, Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°
Variability of Hot Supergiant IRAS 19336-0400 in the Early Phase of its Planetary Nebula Ionization
We present photoelectric and spectral observations of a hot candidate
proto-planetary nebula - early B-type supergiant with emission lines in
spectrum - IRAS 19336-0400. The light and color curves display fast irregular
brightness variations with maximum amplitudes Delta V=0.30 mag, Delta B=0.35
mag, Delta U=0.40 mag and color-brightness correlations. By the variability
characteristics IRAS 19336-0400 appears similar to other hot proto-planetary
nebulae. Based on low-resolution spectra in the range lambda 4000-7500 A we
have derived absolute intensities of the emission lines H_alpha, H_beta,
H_gamma, [SII], [NII], physical conditions in gaseous nebula: n_e=10^4 cm^{-3},
T_e=7000 \pm 1000 K. The emission line H_alpha, H_beta equivalent widths are
found to be considerably variable and related to light changes. By
UBV-photometry and spectroscopy the color excess has been estimated:
E_{B-V}=0.50-0.54. Joint photometric and spectral data analysis allows us to
assume that the star variability is caused by stellar wind variations.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in Pis'ma
Astron. Zh. (Astronomy Letters
The Granular Phase Diagram
The kinetic energy distribution function satisfying the Boltzmann equation is
studied analytically and numerically for a system of inelastic hard spheres in
the case of binary collisions. Analytically, this function is shown to have a
similarity form in the simple cases of uniform or steady-state flows. This
determines the region of validity of hydrodynamic description. The latter is
used to construct the phase diagram of granular systems, and discriminate
between clustering instability and inelastic collapse. The molecular dynamics
results support analytical results, but also exhibit a novel fluctuational
breakdown of mean-field descriptions.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure
- β¦