99 research outputs found
The device for determining the direction of the infrared radio waves arrival from a brightly contrasting object
The device for determining the direction of the infrared radio waves arrival from a brightly contrasting object
Low-temperature barrier discharge plasma modification of scaffolds based on polylactic acid
We have explored the effect of low-temperature barrier discharge plasma treatment in oxygen, nitrogen, and argon on modification of the physicochemical properties of polylactic acid (PLA)-based scaffolds. The cellular-mediated immune response to the interaction of macrophages of three donors with the modified surface of PLA-based scaffolds was also nvestigated. Carbonization of the PLA surface accompanied by a carbon atomic concentration increase is shown to occur following plasma treatment. Argon plasma significantly affects the wettability characteristics of PLA; the hydrophilicity and lipophilicity are improved, and the surface energy is increased. The viability of cells in the presence of plasma-modified PLA scaffolds is lower than that for unmodified PLA but remains greater than that for the negative control. We find that PLA scaffolds do not cause increased expression of the proinflammatory (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β) cytokines after 6 days of cell cultivation. At the same time, PLA scaffolds do not affect the increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10)
Development of low-temperature thermochemical conversion reactors for coal power engineering
The main principles applied in developing a technology for low-temperature thermochemical conversion of brown coals to obtain fuel gas and semicoke intended for being fired in two-fuel power installations are considered on the basis of a set of experimental and calculated investigations. The obtained results are compared with the experimental data obtained using other methods and with the results of previous industrial tests. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Inc
Radiation thermal processes in Cr13Mo2NbVB steel - the material of the fuel assembly shell in reactor BN-350 under mechanical tests
Regularities of changes of structural-phase state and mechanical properties of steel 13Mo2NbVB - the material of the fuel assembly shell in reactor BN-350 after various mechanical tests at 350°C are experimentally studied. The formation of microprecipitations FeMo, enriched or depleted with molybdenum was found in the short-time mechanical tests, which is the cause of thermal hardening of irradiated Cr13Mo2NbVB steel and its destruction by the ductile-brittle mechanism. On the basis of long-time creep tests it was shown that the material of the spent fuel assembly shell has sufficient resource for long-time storage in the temperature and force conditions simulating long-time storage of spent nuclear fuel
Directional Sensitivity of the NEWSdm Experiment to Cosmic Ray Boosted Dark Matter
We present a study of a directional search for Dark Matter boosted forward
when scattered by cosmic-ray nuclei, using a module of the NEWSdm experiment.
The boosted Dark Matter flux at the edge of the Earth's atmosphere is expected
to be pointing to the Galactic Center, with a flux 15 to 20 times larger than
in the transverse direction.
The module of the NEWSdm experiment consists of a 10 kg stack of Nano Imaging
Trackers, i.e.~newly developed nuclear emulsions with AgBr crystal sizes down
to a few tens of nanometers. The module is installed on an equatorial
telescope. The relatively long recoil tracks induced by boosted Dark Matter,
combined with the nanometric granularity of the emulsion, result in an
extremely low background. This makes an installation at the INFN Gran Sasso
laboratory, both on the surface and underground, viable. A comparison between
the two locations is made. The angular distribution of nuclear recoils induced
by boosted Dark Matter in the emulsion films at the surface laboratory is
expected to show an excess with a factor of 3.5 in the direction of the
Galactic Center. This excess allows for a Dark Matter search with directional
sensitivity. The surface laboratory configuration prevents the deterioration of
the signal in the rock overburden and it emerges as the most powerful approach
for a directional observation of boosted Dark Matter with high sensitivity. We
show that, with this approach, a 10 kg module of the NEWSdm experiment exposed
for one year at the Gran Sasso surface laboratory can probe Dark Matter masses
between 1 keV/c and 1 GeV/c and cross-section values down to
~cm with a directional sensitive search.Comment: 15 pages, 14 figures, updated references, clarified discussion in
intro section. Submitted to JCA
NEWSdm Collaboration
Direct Dark Matter searches are nowadays one of the most fervid research topics with many experimental efforts devoted to the search for nuclear recoils induced by the scattering of Weakly Interactive Massive Particles (WIMPs). Detectors able to reconstruct the direction of the nucleus recoiling against the scattering WIMP are opening a new frontier to possibly extend Dark Matter searches beyond the neutrino background. Exploiting directionality would also prove the galactic origin of Dark Matter with an unambiguous signal-to-background separation. Indeed, the angular distribution of recoiled nuclei is centered around the direction of the Cygnus constellation, while the background distribution is expected to be isotropic. Current directional experiments are based on gas TPC whose sensitivity is limited by the small achievable detector mass. In this paper we present the discovery potential of a directional experiment based on the use of a solid target made of newly developed nuclear emulsions and of optical read-out systems reaching unprecedented nanometric resolution
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