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Not AvailableThermal manipulation during embryogenesis has been demonstrated to enhance the thermotolerance capacity of broilers through epigenetic modifications. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced in response to stress for guarding cells against damage. The present study investigates the effect of thermal conditioning during embryogenesis and thermal challenge at 42 days of age on HSP gene and protein expression, DNA methylation and in vitro luciferase assay in brain tissue of Naked Neck (NN) and Punjab Broiler-2 (PB-2) chicken. On the 15th day of incubation, fertile eggs from two breeds, NN and PB-2, were randomly divided in to two groups: control (C)-eggs were incubated under standard incubation conditions, and thermal conditioning (TC)-eggs were exposed to higher incubation temperature (40.5°C) for 3 h on the 15th, 16th, and 17th days of incubation. The chicks obtained from each group were further subdivided and reared under different environmental conditions from the 15th to the 42nd day as normal [N; 25 ± 1 °C, 70% relative humidity (RH)] and heat exposed (HE; 35 ± 1 °C, 50% RH) resulting in four treatment groups (CN, CHE, TCN, and TCHE). The results revealed that HSP promoter activity was stronger in CHE, which had lesser methylation and higher gene expression. The activity of promoter region was lesser in TCHE birds that were thermally manipulated at the embryonic stage, thus reflecting their stress-free condition. This was confirmed by the lower level of mRNA expression of all the HSP genes. In conclusion, thermal conditioning during embryogenesis has a positive impact and improves chicken thermotolerance capacity in postnatal life.ICAR-NICR

Electron-hole recombination effect of SnO2 – CuO nanocomposite for improving methylene blue photocatalytic activity in wastewater treatment under visible light

Heterojunction photocatalysts have gained much attraction in pollutant degradation applications due to their unique good adsorption and photocatalytic decomposition capacity and more cycle durability. Tin oxide (SnO2) doped with copper oxide (CuO) heterostructured photocatalyst was synthesized by a simple solution processes technique. X-ray diffraction and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine the structural properties of the SnO2 - CuO heterostructure. Analyses of FE-SEM and TEM were performed on the samples to determine their surface morphology. The photodegradation property of SnO2 - CuO heterostructure was studied using methylene blue (MB) model pollutant, where SnO2 - CuO heterostructure (90.3 % at 180 min) was shown better than the SnO2. Therefore, the n-p-junction (SnO2 - CuO) heterostructure catalysis boosted the photodegradation of MB detailed studies on the electron-hole pair recombination were conducted on n-p-junctions to observe the effect of the interface on the recombination have been published

Crystalline perfection, spectroscopic investigations and transport properties of trisglycine zinc chloride NLO single crystal

Bulk single crystals of trisglycine zinc chloride have been grown from aqueous solution by slow cooling technique. Single crystal and powder XRD analyses confirmed orthorhombic crystal structure with non-centrosymmetric space group Pbn2(1). High resolution X-ray diffraction results have established that the quality of the grown crystal is quite good for device fabrication. The crystal was characterized by FTIR and NMR spectral analyses. Optical absorption studies show that the material has very low absorption in the wavelength range 240-2000 nm. The analysis of absorption coefficient in the absorption region reveals a direct band gap of 4.21 eV. The crystal possesses remarkable thermal stability up to 229 degrees C. Photoconductivity studies of the grown crystal revealed the positive photoconducting nature. The grown crystal exhibited considerable hardness anisotropy with Vicker's hardness tester. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss were calculated by varying frequencies at different temperatures