The All-Data-Based Evolutionary Hypothesis of Ciliated Protists with a Revised Classification of the Phylum Ciliophora (Eukaryota, Alveolata)

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Efficient Communication Operations in Reconfigurable Parallel Computers

Reconfiguration is largely an unexplored property in the context of parallel models of computation. However, it is a powerful concept as far as massively parallel architectures are concerned, because it overcomes the constraints due to the bissection width arising in most of distributed memory machines. In this paper, we show how to use reconfiguration in order to improve communication operations that are widely used in parallel applications. We propose quasi-optimal algorithms for broadcasting, scattering, gossiping and multi-scattering. Keywords: Reconfiguration, broadcast, scattering, gossiping, communications, distributed memory parallel computers 1 Introduction For massively parallel architectures, the hardware complexity of the interconnection network is much higher than that of the processing units: "the interconnection network employs 99% of the hardware involved" [JMM92]. Moreover, due to the communication-intensive nature of most computational tasks, their performance depen..

Efficient Communication Operations On Passive Optical Star Networks

In this paper, we show how to use the Wavelength Division Multiple Access capabilities of Passive Optical Star Networks for efficiently implementing communication operations that are widely used in parallel applications. We propose algorithms for multiple broadcasting, scattering, gossiping and multi-scattering, which are very close to the lower bound for these problems. 1 Introduction For massively parallel architectures, the hardware complexity of the interconnection network is much higher than that of the processing units, employing most of the hardware involved [17]. In many optical communication networks, Passive Optical Star technology using wavelength division multiplexing access (WDMA) offers optical multiple access channels that allow significant reduction in the complexity of the specialized routers connected to the processors, along Part of this work was done during a postdoc period at the C.S. dept. of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 379961301, USA. y Parti..

Efficient Communication Operations in Reconfigurable Parallel Computers

Reconfiguration is largely an unexplored property in the context of parallel models of computation. However, it is a powerful concept as far as massively parallel architectures are concerned, because it overcomes the constraints due to the bissection width arising in most of distributed memory machines. In this paper, we show how to use reconfiguration in order to improve communication operations that are widely used in parallel applications. We propose quasi-optimal algorithms for broadcasting, scattering, gossiping and multi-scattering

A broad molecular phylogeny of ciliates: identification of major evolutionary trends and radiations within the phylum.

The cellular architecture of ciliates is one of the most complex known within eukaryotes. Detailed systematic schemes have thus been constructed through extensive comparative morphological and ultrastructural analysis of the ciliature and of its internal cytoskeletal derivatives (the infraciliature), as well as of the architecture of the oral apparatus. In recent years, a consensus was reached in which the phylum was divided in eight classes as defined by Lynn and Corliss [Lynn, D. H. & Corliss, J. O. (1991) in Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates: Protozoa (Wiley-Liss, New York), Vol. 1, pp. 333-467]. By comparing partial sequences of the large subunit rRNA molecule, and by using both distance-matrix and maximum-parsimony-tree construction methods (checked by boot-strapping), we examine the phylogenetic relationships of 22 species belonging to seven of these eight classes. At low taxonomic levels, the traditional grouping of the species is generally confirmed. At higher taxonomic levels, the branching pattern of these seven classes is resolved in several deeply separated major branches. Surprisingly, the first emerging one contains the heterotrichs and is strongly associated with a karyorelictid but deeply separated from hypotrichs. The litostomes, the oligohymenophorans, and the hypotrichs separate later in a bush-like topology hindering the resolution of their order of diversification. These results show a much more ancient origin of heterotrichs than was classically assumed, indicating that asymmetric, abundantly ciliated oral apparatuses do not correspond to "highly evolved" traits as previously thought. They also suggest the occurrence of a major radiative explosion in the evolutionary history of the ciliates, yielding five of the eight classes of the phylum. These classes appear to differ essentially according to the cytoskeletal architecture used to shape and sustain the cellular cortex (a process of essential adaptative and morphogenetic importance in ciliates)