Planned Behavior Typologies of Agricultural Education Teacher Educators Regarding Service Learning as a Method of Instruction: A National Mixed Methods Study

This study sought to understand the service-learning beliefs and intentions of agricultural education teacher educators. We collected quantitative data through a web-based survey instrument and course syllabi. Variables yielding statistically significant relationships were analyzed using cluster analysis, which produced three unique clusters operationalized as typologies representing the planned behaviors of teacher educators regarding service learning. For example, the Optimistically Unaware expressed positive beliefs about the method, but did not understand how to integrate service learning in their teaching methods courses. Meanwhile, the Policy-Focused Decision Makers used established education policy as anchors when navigating decisions, such as whether to feature service learning in their courses. Service-Learning Implementers espoused strong beliefs about the method’s potential while also emphasizing how it could be used to enrich the preparation of agriculture teachers. Results point to the potential service learning holds if integrated as a complement to teacher preparation rather than an addition to current practice

E-democracy: exploring the current stage of e-government

Governments around the world have been pressured to implement e-Government programs in order to improve the government-citizen dialogue. The authors of this article review prior literature on such efforts to find if they lead to increased democratic participation ("e-Democracy") for the affected citizens, with a focus on the key concepts of transparency, openness, and engagement. The authors find that such efforts are a starting point toward e-Democracy, but the journey is far from complete

Associations between selected demographic, biological, school environmental and physical education based correlates, and adolescent physical activity

The study investigated associations between selected physical activity correlates among 299 adolescents (90 boys, age 12-14 years) from 3 English schools. Physical activity was assessed by self-report and accelerometry. Correlates represented biological, predisposing, and demographic factors as described in the Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model. Boys engaged in more self-reported (p < .01) and accelerometer assessed physical activity than girls (p = .02). Positive associations between sex (male), BMI, Perceived PE Ability, Perceived PE Worth, number of enrolled students, and physical activity outcomes were evident (p < .05). Schoolbased physical activity promotion should emphasize sex-specific enhancement of students' perceived PE competence and enjoyment

Bisnis Media: Pasca Matinya Televisi Nasional Dalam Perspektif Jurnalistik

Justice information in socio-cultural perspective of the Indonesian nation is determined by the regulatory system of broadcasting that is healthy, it is characterized by the power of television Jakarta bersiaran in the archipelago with all the violence and the values of modernism that is not required by the subculture of the nation, even the things that are associated with regulation was dominated by the broadcasting authorities in Jakarta. Media conglomerates are widely blamed as the cause of the birth of symbols of violence against the nation's cultural pluralism, the control over the broadcasting rights and the system by media conglomerates into a global cultural colonization that is manifested through the broadcast contains the reference to Western culture. Broadcasting system that causes the death of flavors and tastes diversity owned the nation as a world cultural power. Nullifying the media conglomerate's system will show the broadcasting regulatory system in Indonesia is dominated by the global broadcasting system that would be affiliated with the barons and katrel domestic broadcasting. With the introduction of digital broadcasting system that diprakarsasi with the demise of the national television media is expected to grow the business system fair for all this people, by providing business space for new players with the capital area and the system of regional employment-based local culture as well. Content-based broadcast journalism in the broadcasting system in the future be a great opportunity to foster diversity kontenst release that are not controlled by media conglomerates. Content journalistic diversity to the birth indicator healthy broadcast system and represents the face of Indonesian archipelago in the broadcasting system

A Non-Deterministic Approach to Restructuring Flow Graphs

The history of programming is filled with works about the properties of program flow graphs. There are many approaches to defining the quality of such graphs, and to improving a given flow graph by restructuring the underlying source code. We present here a new, twofold approach to restructuring the control flow of arbitrary source code. The first part of the method is a classical deterministic algorithm; the second part is non-deterministic and involves user interaction. The method is based on node splitting, enabling it to satisfy the definition of the extended Nassi-Shneiderman diagrams

Color Choice is Everything - Impacts Color makes to the Lighting Environment

When contracts are let out to design multiple systems in a vehicle, it is a challenge to maintain integration between system leads. Designers on niche systems, like lighting and control panel design, often get caught up in the challenge of designing the light source or visual interface and fail to include time in their schedule to work with system architects on how their lighting system will be integrated. Additionally, behavioral scientists, industrial designers, and materials engineers get caught up with the materials and look of the system, but often fail to consider how the selection of their materials could affect the certification or performance of electronic devices like lighting systems. Additionally, computer modeling of the system architecture often assumes a perfect environment without the clutter of actual human use (dirt, stowage, crowding). As a result, lighting systems, and backlit displays run the risk of being overdesigned or under designed. Engineers making the assumption that because they have no input or there is no requirement on work surface reflectance, make the assumption that they can t count on good material choices and thus may install more lighting than is necessary. While having more lights may seem better, for a vehicle that is trying to conserve power, more lights may not be a good option. On the other hand, designers who made the opposite assumption and designed a lighting system that only produced just enough light, often wind up with a system that did conserve power, but didn t produce enough light. These situations are exasperated when the system starts to be used and the models are not perfect anymore. The lack of coordination and iterative design not only can impact lighting levels within an environment, but also can affect color perception. This is because, if materials do not represent a gradation of white or black, the material unevenly absorbs and reflects light at different wavelengths of the visual spectrum. The lighting designer may have built a light that meets light spectra requirements, but the eventual light reaching the human user may not be the spectra of light architects intended, if materials near the light source change the spectrum just by how much color is absorbed or reflected. With the recent findings concerning Circadian rhythm, where the spectra of light is extremely important for addressing crew sleep and wake cycles, system architects should pay considerable attention on the impact material choices have in changing the light spectrum in an environment. This presentation will show examples of how material choices impact the resulting illuminance, color spectrum, and power usage of an illuminated space. Its goal is to encourage system designers and planners to use more care in development of requirements and the verification of systems intended for the human visual interface

A Repository for a CARE Environment

Repositories in CASE hold information about the development process and the structure of developing software. The migration or reuse of CASE repositories for CARE (Computer Aided Re-Engineering) is not adequate for the reengineering process. The main reasons for its inadequacy are the emptiness of such repositories and the nature of the process itself. In the following report we will define a CARE architecture, from the reengineering point of view, and derive a structure of a repository appropriate to the reengineering process

An Approach for Distributed Query Processing in Marvel: Concepts and Implementation

This work displays an approach for the query processing of Marvel rules upon a distributed Marvel object base. Rules and rest rules run simultaneously on different subenvironments, synchronized by a coordinating subenvironment. Instead of transmitting objects, the showed method transmits images. The concept of lazy calling is introduced