Breaking Barriers: A Comprehensive Review of Literature on Empowering Women with Disabilities

I aim to investigate the current status of empowerment of women, particularly those with disabilities, using a literature review approach. I will achieve this using a purposive sampling method, searching databases such as JSTOR, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Taylor & Francis, and Google Scholar for relevant studies published between 1986 and 2022 using the search terms women with disabilities, empowerment, and empowering women in Iraq. The collected data will be analyzed thematically to identify and categorize patterns and themes related to empowering women with disabilities in Iraq after trauma. The analysis highlights the importance of empowering women with disabilities and the need to recognize the intersectionality of disability and gender. Approaches such as education and training programs, advocacy and policy change, and peer support groups have proven effective in empowering disabled women. The studies presented focus on the various forms of discrimination faced by disabled women and the need for context-specific measures of womens empowerment to capture the complexity of the concept. There are also studies on empowering women with disabilities after trauma, which emphasize the need to address barriers related to accessibility, discrimination, and limited education opportunities. The analysis highlights the social model of disability, the unique challenges and perspectives of disabled women, and the potential of self-determination, advocacy, and social support in empowering women with disabilities. The intersectional nature of oppression faced by disabled women and the importance of addressing stigma and discrimination against them are also emphasized

Comparative evaluation of different marketed products of ciprofloxacin tablets in vitro

The contents of four ciprofloxacin tablets products available in the private pharmacies of Mosul city were measured according to the British Pharmacopoeia (BP). Some biopharmaceutical parameters such as content uniformity, disintegration, and hardness were also measured for the same products. In addition, the antibacterial activity of these four products were assessed by microbiological assay on different types of gram negative bacteria in vitro. The results indicated that there is a little differences in the content uniformity of these products and they are within acceptable requirement of BP and United State Pharmacopoeia (USP). In the same manner, the weight variation, disintegration, and hardness were within acceptable range according to the BP and USP. The microbiological assay indicated that these different products produce approximately the same inhibition zones on the same bacterial type. The above results may be useful to predict the bioavailability of these different products

Tacrolimus and Mycophenolate Mofetil as Second-Line Therapies for Pediatric Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis

Background: We studied the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and tacrolimus as second-line therapy in pediatric patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) who were intolerant or non-responders to standard therapy (corticosteroid and azathioprine). Patients and Methods: We performed a retrospective study of data from 13 centers in Europe, USA, and Canada. Thirty-eight patients (< 18\ua0years old) who received second-line therapy (18 MMF and 20 tacrolimus), for a median of 72\ua0months (range 8\u2013182) were evaluated. Patients were categorized into two groups: Group 1 (n = 17) were intolerant to corticosteroid or azathioprine, and group 2 (n = 21) were non-responders to standard therapy. Results: Overall complete response rates were similar in patients treated with MMF and tacrolimus (55.6 vs. 65%, p = 0.552). In group 1, MMF and tacrolimus maintained a biochemical remission in 88.9 and 87.5% of patients, respectively (p = 0.929). More patients in group 2 given tacrolimus compared to MMF had a complete response, but the difference was not statistically significant (50.0 vs. 22.2%, p = 0.195). Biochemical remission was achieved in 71.1% (27/38) of patients by tacrolimus and/or MMF. Decompensated cirrhosis was more commonly seen in MMF and/or tacrolimus non-responders than in responders (45.5 vs. 7.4%, p = 0.006). Five patients who received second-line therapy (2 MMF and 3 tacrolimus) developed side effects that led to therapy withdrawal. Conclusions: Long-term therapy with MMF or tacrolimus was generally well tolerated by pediatric patients with AIH. Both MMF and tacrolimus had excellent efficacy in patients intolerant to corticosteroid or azathioprine. Tacrolimus might be more effective than MMF in patients failing previous therapy