Hierarchical Cont-Bouchaud model

We extend the well-known Cont-Bouchaud model to include a hierarchical topology of agent's interactions. The influence of hierarchy on system dynamics is investigated by two models. The first one is based on a multi-level, nested Erdos-Renyi random graph and individual decisions by agents according to Potts dynamics. This approach does not lead to a broad return distribution outside a parameter regime close to the original Cont-Bouchaud model. In the second model we introduce a limited hierarchical Erdos-Renyi graph, where merging of clusters at a level h+1 involves only clusters that have merged at the previous level h and we use the original Cont-Bouchaud agent dynamics on resulting clusters. The second model leads to a heavy-tail distribution of cluster sizes and relative price changes in a wide range of connection densities, not only close to the percolation threshold.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

Ising model on two connected Barabasi-Albert networks

We investigate analytically the behavior of Ising model on two connected Barabasi-Albert networks. Depending on relative ordering of both networks there are two possible phases corresponding to parallel or antiparallel alingment of spins in both networks. A difference between critical temperatures of both phases disappears in the limit of vanishing inter-network coupling for identical networks. The analytic predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations.Comment: 6 pages including 6 figure

Remedies for Victims of Human Trafficking Under the Palermo Protocol and United Nations Basic Principles: A Case Study Analysis

Human trafficking is a phenomenon that is happening right under our noses, yet does not receive the recognition nor publicity necessary to combat this human rights crisis. The Palermo Protocol and the United Nations Basic Principles have been implemented on an international level to solve these issues, but with varied success. The Palermo Protocol was created to apply to the prevention, investigation, and prosecution of the offenses established in article 5 of the Protocol. The Basic Principles from A/HRC/26/18 highlight the fact that effective remedies are not often accessible to victims of trafficking, as there are gaps between enactment and implementation of national laws and international standards, and these Principles are divided into four components. In the United States, the annual TIP Reports present information to the US Government and public at large regarding research on nations throughout the world and their status with respect to human trafficking. This Paper explores case studies of thirteen countries throughout the world and assesses their implementation of the Palermo Protocol and Basic Principles. Those Principles in this analysis include: rights and obligations, access to the right to a remedy, forms of a remedy, and a right to a remedy of child victims of trafficking. Although there have been positive steps taken to address remedial issues in trafficking in persons, there is still a lot of work to be done. Moving forward, there must be increased publicity regarding the prevalence of human trafficking, as well as an increased amount of resources to combat this crisis. There may be no specific formula for each country, but it will take more than legislation to create lasting change

Voter model on Sierpinski fractals

We investigate the ordering of voter model on fractal lattices: Sierpinski Carpets and Sierpinski Gasket. We obtain a power law ordering, similar to the behavior of one-dimensional system, regardless of fractal ramification.Comment: 7 pages, 5 EPS figures, 1 table, uses elsart.cl

Critical properties of Heider balance on multiplex networks

Heider's structural balance theory has proven invaluable in comprehending the dynamics of social groups characterized by both friendly and hostile relationships. Since people's relations are rarely single-faceted, we investigate Heider balance dynamics on a multiplex network, consisting of several copies of the same agent displaying correlated relations at different layers building the multiplex. Intralayer interactions in our model adhere to Heider dynamics, while interlayer correlations stem from Ising interactions, with the heat bath dynamics of link signs. The investigations uncover a multifaceted system with a diverse equilibrium landscape contingent on the coexistence of distinct phases across layers. We observe that starting from a paradise state with positive links in all layers, an increase in temperature triggers a discontinuous transition to a disordered state akin to single-layer scenarios. The critical temperature surpasses that of the single-layer case, a fact verified through extended mean-field analysis and agent-based simulations. Furthermore, the scenario shifts when one layer exhibits a two-clique configuration instead of a paradise state. This change introduces additional transitions: synchronization of inter-layer relations and a transition to the disorder, appearing at a different, lower temperature compared to matching paradise states. This exploration shows the intricate interplay of Heider balance and multiplex interactions.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figure