A Feature Computation Tree Model to Specify Requirements and Reuse

A large subset of requirements for complex systems, services and product lines is traditionally specified by hierarchical structures of features. Features are usually gathered and represented in the form of a feature tree. The feature tree is a structural model. It represents mainly composition and specialization relations between features and does not provide the possibility to specify requirements in the form of ordering relations defined on functional features. Use case scenarios are usually employed for specification of the ordering relations. However, use case scenarios comprise isolated sequences of features, and therefore they may be inconsistent and even may contradict each other and the feature tree. Moreover, some use case scenarios defining relations on features may be incomplete. In order to support consistent specification of requirements, we suggest using a pair of related models: a feature tree model and a feature computation tree model. The pair of such related feature tree models provides the basis for the method of consistency checks of requirements. It introduces a united view on the system’s behavior at the stage of requirement specification and facilitates specification of forbidden sequences and construction complete sequences from incomplete ones. It allows designers to precisely specify the desired reuse and to find that a certain sort of reuse is not possible. Understanding already at the stage of requirements engineering that a subsystem cannot be reused without modification saves effort and money spent on development. The proposed method and models are explained using a case study of design of a system for electronic cards production

МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ: ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ (принцип «обмена»)

Basic directions of the institutional change in the process of modernization of Russia’s post-industrial society are discussed on the basis of macroand microeconomics. Institutions set a system of incentives and direct activities of the subjects to respective channel, which reduces uncertaintyand makes the socio-economic environment more predictable. «Exchange» means a balance of interests of different society groups and sectors that manifests social acceptance of the distribution of resources and social products. System achievement of this goal in Russia consists in transition of its economy from the raw material export pattern to the innovative social-oriented type of development.На основе макро- и микроэкономики рассмотрены основные направления институциональных преобразований в процессе модернизации России в условиях постиндустриального общества. Институты задают систему стимулов, направляя деятельность субъектов по соответствующему руслу, что снижает неопределенность и делает социально-экономическую среду более пред-сказуемой. «Обмен» – это баланс интересов различных групп и слоев общества, выражающийся в социальном согласии по поводу распределения ресурсов и общественного продукта. Системное достижение поставленной цели в России состоит в переходе ее экономики от экспортно-сырьевого к инновационному социально-ориентированному типу развития

The Fruit Flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Bhutan: New Faunistic Records and Compendium of Fauna

Based on a field survey from 2017, twenty-three species are reported from Bhutan for the first time: Acroceratitis ceratitina, A. hardyi, Anomoia approximata, Bactrocera connecta, B. latifrons, B. nigrifacia, B. syzygii, Campiglossa sororcula, Cecidochares connexa, Dacus jacobi, Gastrozona fasciventris, Hoplandromyia antelopa, Lenitovena ultima, Ptilona confinis, Rioxoptilona dunlopi, R. formosana, R. vaga, Spathulina acroleuca, Themara yunnana, Trypeta indica, Zeugodacus apiciflavus, Z. diversus, and Z. fereuncinatus. Four species of the genera Cornutrypeta, Hemilea, Morinowotome, and Vidalia are also recorded for the first time, but the precise determination to species needs additional study and material. As the result, 71 species is listed from Bhutan by far. Their taxonomic position and key characters are discussed. Illustrations for most of the newly recorded species are given

FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUTH SLANG UNITS IN YOUTH EDITIONS

The article is devoted to the investigation of main peculiarities of youth slang units functioning in modern youth printed editions. Classification of mass-media is offered. Influence of the genre factors on youth slang units functioning is under special analysis

A Human-Centric Tool for Component Design and Reuse in the UML ∗

We present a tool for component system design in the UML. The tool supports an internal process model for graphical specifications. The model is used to guarantee consistency of different graphical views in the component specification. The model allows the tool to manage the graphical views composition, so that the composed specification inherits internal process models of components. 1

Molecular diagnostics of the pigeon pea cyst nematode, Heterodera cajani Koshy, 1967, using real-time PCR

Summary The pigeon pea cyst nematode, Heterodera cajani, is an important nematode pest of pigeon pea that is present in all major growing regions of this crop in India and reported from Pakistan, Egypt and Myanmar. In this study, a new real-time PCR assay for detection of H. cajani using a species-specific primer and a TaqMan probe was developed. The primers and a probe were designed to amplify the COI gene fragment. The specificity of the primer-probe set was tested in singleplex or multiplex reactions against target and non-target nematodes. In multiplex real-time PCR experiments with the specific and universal primer-probe sets, the signals were simultaneously observed for COI and D3 of 28S rRNA target genes. The results showed that the real-time PCR assay with species-specific primer and probe was sensitive enough to detect H. cajani DNA extracted from 0.003 egg or second-stage juvenile.</jats:p

Constraints of Behavioural Inheritance

Abstract. We present an approach to component inheritance and reuse which closes the gap between architectural design and process-oriented approaches. To apply inheritance checks in design and verification of a system, one should consider an inheritance relation as a property of the system and specify it as an inheritance constraint. To specify the inheritance constraints we offer a logic of behavioural inheritance. In a UML profile with the process tree semantics we show how to use this logic for architectural design and for verification with respect to the specified inheritance constraint