Current-flux characteristics in mesoscopic nonsuperconducting rings

We propose four different mechanisms responsible for paramagnetic or diamagnetic persistent currents in normal metal rings and determine the circumstances for change of the current from paramagnetic to diamagnetic ones and {\it vice versa}. It might qualitatively reproduce the experimental results of Bluhm et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 136802 (2009)).Comment: 8 pages, 1 figur

Growth in Children with Cerebral Palsy during five years after Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy: a practice-based study

Background: Overweight is reported as a side effect of SDR. The aims were to study the development of weight, height and body mass index (BMI) during five years after SDR. Methods: This prospective, longitudinal and practice-based study included all 56 children with CP spastic diplegia undergoing SDR from the start in March 1993 to April 2003 in our hospital. The preoperative Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels were I-II in 17, III in 15, IV-V in 24 children. Median age at SDR was 4.3 years (range 2.4-7.4 years). Weight and height/recumbent length were measured. Swedish growth charts for typically developing children generated weight, height and BMI z-scores for age and gender. Results: The preoperative median z-scores were for height-1.92 and for body mass index (BMI)-0.22. Five years later, the median BMI z-score was increased by + 0.57 (p + 2 SD) increased (p < 0.05). Baseline BMI and age at the start of follow-up influenced the BMI change during the five years (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 respectively). The individual growth was highly variable, but a tendency towards increasing stunting with age was seen in severe gross motor dysfunction (GMFCS levels IV-V) and the opposite, a slight catch-up of height in children with walking ability (GMFCS levels I-III). Conclusions: These are the first available subtype-and GMFCS-specific longitudinal growth data for children with CP spastic diplegia. Their growth potential according to these data should be regarded as a minimum, as some children were undernourished. It is unknown whether the spasticity reduction through SDR increased the weight gain velocity, or if the relative weight increase was part of the general "obesity epidemic". For some children the weight increase was highly desirable. In others, it resulted in overweight and obesity with risk of negative health effects. Weight and height should be monitored to enable early prevention of weight aberrations also causing problems with mobility, activity and participation

The comorbidity and co-medication profile of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy

Background: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is usually diagnosed in elderly. Currently, little is known about comorbidities and the co-medication in these patients. Objectives: To explore the pattern of comorbidities and co-medication in PSP patients according to the known different phenotypes and in comparison with patients without neurodegenerative disease. Methods: Cross-sectional data of PSP and patients without neurodegenerative diseases (non-ND) were collected from three German multicenter observational studies (DescribePSP, ProPSP and DANCER). The prevalence of comorbidities according to WHO ICD-10 classification and the prevalence of drugs administered according to WHO ATC system were analyzed. Potential drug–drug interactions were evaluated using AiDKlinik®. Results: In total, 335 PSP and 275 non-ND patients were included in this analysis. The prevalence of diseases of the circulatory and the nervous system was higher in PSP at first level of ICD-10. Dorsopathies, diabetes mellitus, other nutritional deficiencies and polyneuropathies were more frequent in PSP at second level of ICD-10. In particular, the summed prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was higher in PSP patients. More drugs were administered in the PSP group leading to a greater percentage of patients with polypharmacy. Accordingly, the prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions was higher in PSP patients, especially severe and moderate interactions. Conclusions: PSP patients possess a characteristic profile of comorbidities, particularly diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The eminent burden of comorbidities and resulting polypharmacy should be carefully considered when treating PSP patients

The comorbidity and co-medication profile of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy

BackgroundProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is usually diagnosed in elderly. Currently, little is known about comorbidities and the co-medication in these patients.ObjectivesTo explore the pattern of comorbidities and co-medication in PSP patients according to the known different phenotypes and in comparison with patients without neurodegenerative disease.MethodsCross-sectional data of PSP and patients without neurodegenerative diseases (non-ND) were collected from three German multicenter observational studies (DescribePSP, ProPSP and DANCER). The prevalence of comorbidities according to WHO ICD-10 classification and the prevalence of drugs administered according to WHO ATC system were analyzed. Potential drug-drug interactions were evaluated using AiDKlinik (R).ResultsIn total, 335 PSP and 275 non-ND patients were included in this analysis. The prevalence of diseases of the circulatory and the nervous system was higher in PSP at first level of ICD-10. Dorsopathies, diabetes mellitus, other nutritional deficiencies and polyneuropathies were more frequent in PSP at second level of ICD-10. In particular, the summed prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was higher in PSP patients. More drugs were administered in the PSP group leading to a greater percentage of patients with polypharmacy. Accordingly, the prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions was higher in PSP patients, especially severe and moderate interactions.ConclusionsPSP patients possess a characteristic profile of comorbidities, particularly diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The eminent burden of comorbidities and resulting polypharmacy should be carefully considered when treating PSP patients

The comorbidity and co-medication profile of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy

Background Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is usually diagnosed in elderly. Currently, little is known about comorbidities and the co-medication in these patients. Objectives To explore the pattern of comorbidities and co-medication in PSP patients according to the known different phenotypes and in comparison with patients without neurodegenerative disease. Methods Cross-sectional data of PSP and patients without neurodegenerative diseases (non-ND) were collected from three German multicenter observational studies (DescribePSP, ProPSP and DANCER). The prevalence of comorbidities according to WHO ICD-10 classification and the prevalence of drugs administered according to WHO ATC system were analyzed. Potential drug–drug interactions were evaluated using AiDKlinik®. Results In total, 335 PSP and 275 non-ND patients were included in this analysis. The prevalence of diseases of the circulatory and the nervous system was higher in PSP at first level of ICD-10. Dorsopathies, diabetes mellitus, other nutritional deficiencies and polyneuropathies were more frequent in PSP at second level of ICD-10. In particular, the summed prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was higher in PSP patients. More drugs were administered in the PSP group leading to a greater percentage of patients with polypharmacy. Accordingly, the prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions was higher in PSP patients, especially severe and moderate interactions. Conclusions PSP patients possess a characteristic profile of comorbidities, particularly diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The eminent burden of comorbidities and resulting polypharmacy should be carefully considered when treating PSP patients

Sur un procédé permettant d'accroitre la hauteur de la zone sensible d'une chambre à diffusion

Pas de Résumé disponibl

Sur la détermination absolue de la dose locale d'un rayonnement X issu d'une source étendue

I. On rappelle brièvement le principe sur lequel est basée la détermination absolue de la dose, ainsi que la définition analitique : 1° de la « dose locale » Q = dq/dv, se traduisant par la dérivée, par rapport au volume v, de la charge q recueillie dans la chambre d'ionisation, et 2° de la « dose locale par sec » I = di/dv, où i est l'intensité du courant d'ionisation. Lorsque q et i sont exprimés en U. E. S. C, G. S., Q et I s'expriment respectivement en unités « r » intern. et « r » par sec. II. On établit les formules qui donnent I dans le cas d'une source ponctuelle. Elles sont valables pour des rayonnements de longueur d'onde relativement grande et pour des faisceaux de grande ouverture. On détermine, en particulier, l'erreur relative commise en négligeant l'effet de grande ouverture. III. On discute la manière de définir, en un point donné de l'espace, l'intensité d'une radiation issue d'une source étendue. On analyse les deux cas, où l'intensité est définie par la puissance du rayonnement 1° traversant une unité de surface en ce point (dP/dσ), ce qui correspond à la notion d'éclairement, et 2° absorbée par unité de volume en ce point (-dP/dv), quantité identique, au facteur Va (potentiel d'ionisation de l'air) près, à la dose locale par sec. IV. On examine enfin les difficultés que l'on rencontre dans le dosage absolu d'un tel rayonnement et on indique les conditions précises dans lesquelles il faut se placer pour effectuer correctement ce dosage. Les résultats obtenus s'appliquent, en particulier, à des rayonnements relativement absorbables

Un dispositif efficace d'amorçage sans électrode auxiliaire d'un tube à éclairs pour l'illumination d'une chambre de Wilson

Pas de Résumé disponibl

Sur la distribution des retards dans les compteurs Geiger-Müller

On mesure, par une méthode oscillographique, le temps global qui s'écoule entre le passage de la particule dans une région déterminée du compteur étudié et la réponse de l'amplificateur associé au compteur. Ce retard se compose du temps de latence T1 proprement dit et du retard Tq, qui résulte du temps de montée fini de l'impulsion et dont la valeur dépend du seuil de sensibilité de l'amplificateur. La sélection des particules (cosmiques) génératrices de la décharge dans le compteur étudié est obtenue grâce à un télescope de deux compteurs en coïncidence dont l'ouverture est limitée par un groupe de quatre compteurs, en anticoïncidence avec les premiers. Le compteur est disposé de telle façon que le plan médian du télescope le traverse à une distance variable d de son fil axial. Les mesures ont été effectuées pour différentes valeurs de la distance d et de la surtension Vs appliquée au compteur. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la distribution statistique des retards est d'autant plus étalée que d est plus grand et Vs plus réduit. Les valeurs moyennes des retards observés varient de 7.I0-8 s pour d = o et Vs = 200 V, à 90.I0-8 s pour d = I,9 cm et Vs = 50 V. La mobilité d'un électron libéré au sein du mélange gazeux emplissant le compteur sous une pression de I0 cm Hg a été trouvée égale : (2,I ± 0,2).I04 cm2.s -1.V-1