The conflictual dynamics of polities and ethnopolitogenesis

© Medwell Journals, 2016.The study puts forward the idea of relationship of polities dynamics with ethnogenetic dynamics that allows to suggest the existence of ethnopolitogenesis as a single process. The ethnogenetic dynamics is expressed by the fact that the ethnicity undergoes throughout its life a series of age phases, stable periods and phase transitions separating these periods-unstable crisis periods, for which is specific large-scale domestic conflicts and major military defeats of the state established by it. The ethnogenetic dynamics is determined by the population qualitative composition dynamics, i.e., by the dynamics of the proportion of the individuals of different energy types as the part of the ethnic group. It's developed a universal and invariant regularity with regard to polity types, ethnicities and historic epochs, linking the polity dynamics in its conflictual aspect with the dynamics of population quality, the numerical algorithm of ethnopolitogenesis. The following hypothesis is stated that at the bottom of the algorithm existence is the synchronization dynamics quality by climatic cycles associated with solar activity cycles

Synthesis of 5-methyl-2-ethyl-4-chloro-2-oxo-1,2-oxa-4-hospholene

1. The counter synthesis of 5-methyl-2-ethyl-4-chloro-2-oxo-l,2-oxa-4-phospholene was accomplished. 2. The 4-methyl-2-ethyl- and 4-methyl-2-phenyl-5-methylene-2-oxo-1,2-oxa-3-phospholenes were obtained by the chlorination and dehydrochlorination of the 4,5-dimethy1-2-ethyl- and 4,5-dimethy1-2-pheny1-2-oxo-1,2-oxa-4-phospholenes. 3. The 4-methyl-2-ethyl (or phenyl)-5-methylene-2-oxo-1,2-oxa-3-phospolenes when treated with water or alcohols are converted to the corresponding phosphorylated α, β-unsaturated ketones. © 1971 Consultants Bureau

Automated design systems for manufacturing processes

© 2015, Allerton Press, Inc. A method of formalizing complex manufacturing processes on the basis of multilevel decomposition is proposed. In this approach, standard elements are identified at each level. Principles for formulating individual matrices and flexibly adjustable algorithmic matrices are outlined

The Influence of Diabetes Mellitus Duration and Type of Therapy on Cognitive Decline

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.We studied 120 patients with compensated diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM-2). The inclusion criterion was the absence of memory loss complaints from the patient and/or his/her relatives. The exclusion criteria were diabetes decompensation, myocardial infarction and/or stroke in anamnesis, glomerular filtration rate below 60 ml/min, the presence of proliferative retinopathy, and/or other endocrine diseases. To diagnose the cognitive decline (CD) we used Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA test), Trail Making Test (parts A and B). 77.5 % patients with type 2 diabetes out of 120 had moderate CD; 5 % had a significant CD (dementia). The control group consisted of 50 patients with arterial hypertension, which was comparable with the DM-2 group. In assessing the correlations, we found that the CD in DM-2 group is independent of disease duration and the type of diabetic therapy. We discovered a positive correlation between the age of patients and the speed of cognitive decline. Comparison of patients in DM-2 group with the control group showed that results in patients with hypertension (MMSE, MoCA test) were significantly higher (p < 0.01), and the test time of TMT part A and part B was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than that in patients with DM-2. The authors believe that the CD in DM-2 has different pathogenic mechanisms than other complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, in particular, the insulin resistance of brain tissue

Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.The article presents the results of a survey which included 120 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) without complications, without stroke in anamnesis, with no active complaints about loss of memory, and/or other cognitive functions. The assessment tools for cognitive functions were MMSE, MoCA test, and TMT (parts A and B). SF-36 test was used to assess the quality of life (QoL). It was revealed that the QoL in patients with type 2 diabetes was significantly lower than in the general population. The correlation between QoL and the duration of the disease, the degree of cognitive impairment, and emotional state of patients was evaluated. It was revealed that QoL indicators significantly reduced with the growth of cognitive impairment and emotional disorders. The most significant reduction is revealed in the role functioning indexes and role-emotional functioning indexes

Determination of Filtration Properties of a Deformable Porous-Fractured Bed from the Results of Hydrodynamic Investigations of Horizontal Wells

© 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York. A computational algorithm has been proposed for interpretation of results of hydrodynamic investigations of horizontal wells in unsteady regimes of filtration in deformable porous-fractured beds. The proposed approach makes it possible to evaluate the dependence of the permeability coefficient of fractures on pressure. A study has been made of the dynamics of change in the bottom-hole pressure after bringing a horizontal well into production and shutting it down in the nonlinear elastic regime of filtration of the fluid in a porous-fractured bed

Optimization of the expression, purification and polymerase activity reaction conditions of recombinant human PrimPol

© 2017 Boldinova et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Human PrimPol is a DNA primase/polymerase involved in DNA damage tolerance and prevents nuclear genome instability. PrimPol is also localized to the mitochondria, but its precise function in mitochondrial DNA maintenance has remained elusive. PrimPol works both as a translesion (TLS) polymerase and as the primase that restarts DNA replication after a lesion. However, the observed biochemical activities of PrimPol vary considerably between studies as a result of different reaction conditions used. To reveal the effects of reaction composition on PrimPol DNA polymerase activity, we tested the polymerase activity in the presence of various buffer agents, salt concentrations, pH values and metal cofactors. Additionally, the enzyme stability was analyzed under various conditions. We demonstrate that the reaction buffer with pH 6–6.5, low salt concentrations and 3 mM Mg 2+ or 0.3–3 mM Mn 2+ cofactor ions supports the highest DNA polymerase activity of human PrimPol in vitro. The DNA polymerase activity of PrimPol was found to be stable after multiple freeze-thaw cycles and prolonged protein incubation on ice. However, rapid heat-inactivation of the enzyme was observed at 37ºC. We also for the first time describe the purification of human PrimPol from a human cell line and compare the benefits of this approach to the expression in Escherichia coli and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Our results show that active PrimPol can be purified from E. coli and human suspension cell line in high quantities and that the activity of the purified enzyme is similar in both expression systems. Conversely, the yield of full-length protein expressed in S. cerevisiae was considerably lower and this system is therefore not recommended for expression of full-length recombinant human PrimPol

Parameters of single and summated contractions of skeletal muscles in vivo and in vitro

It is well known that modern non-invasive methods for registration of functional activity of skeletal muscles in vivo due to technical reasons reflect amplitude and temporal parameters of muscle contractions not better than in vitro approaches The aim of present study is to register and compare parameters of single and tetanic contractions of different types of skeletal muscles of warm-blooded animals in vitro and under minimally invasive surgery in vivo. It was found that single muscle contractions in vitro and in vivo indistinguishably close to each other, whereas frequency of tetanus fusion and waveform of tetanic contractions are different

Syphilis epidemiology in 1994–2013, molecular epidemiological strain typing and determination of macrolide resistance in Treponema pallidum in 2013–2014 in Tuva Republic, Russia

© 2016 APMIS. Published by John Wiley & Sons LtdThe incidence of syphilis in the Tuva Republic (geographical centre of Asia), Russia has been exceedingly high historically. No detailed examinations and no molecular investigations of Treponema pallidum strains transmitted in the Tuva Republic, or in general, in Russia, were published internationally. We examined the syphilis epidemiology in 1994–2013, and the molecular epidemiology and macrolide resistance in T. pallidum strains in 2013–2014 in the Tuva Republic. Among 95 mainly primary or secondary syphilis patients, the arp, tpr, tp0548 and 23S rRNA genes in 85 polA gene-positive genital ulcer specimens were characterized. The syphilis incidence in Tuva Republic peaked in 1998 (1562), however declined to 177 in 2013. Among the 70 (82%) completely genotyped specimens, six molecular strain types were found. Strain type 14d/f accounted for 91%, but also 14c/f, 14d/g, 14b/f, 14i/f, 9d/f, and 4d/f were identified. Two (2.4%) specimens contained the 23S rRNA A2058G macrolide resistance mutation. This is the first internationally published typing study regarding T. pallidum in Russia, performed in the Tuva Republic with the highest syphilis incidence in Russia. The two molecular strain types 4d/f and 9d/f have previously been described only in Eastern and Northern China and for the first time, macrolide-resistant syphilis was described in Russia