On the trace formula for Hecke operators on congruence subgroups, II

In a previous paper, we obtained a general trace formula for double coset operators acting on modular forms for congruence subgroups, expressed as a sum over conjugacy classes. Here we specialize it to the congruence subgroups $\Gamma_0(N)$ and $\Gamma_1(N)$, obtaining explicit formulas in terms of class numbers for the trace of a composition of Hecke and Atkin-Lehner operators. The formulas are among the simplest in the literature, and hold without any restriction on the index of the operators. We give two applications of the trace formula for $\Gamma_1(N)$: we determine explicit trace forms for $\Gamma_0(4)$ with Nebentypus, and we compute the limit of the trace of a fixed Hecke operator as the level $N$ tends to infinity

Real Second Order Freeness and Haar Orthogonal Matrices

We demonstrate the asymptotic real second order freeness of Haar distributed orthogonal matrices and an independent ensemble of random matrices. Our main result states that if we have two independent ensembles of random matrices with a real second order limit distribution and one of them is invariant under conjugation by an orthogonal matrix, then the two ensembles are asymptotically real second order free. This captures the known examples of asymptotic real second order freeness introduced by Redelmeier [R1, R2].Comment: 50 pages, revision has refreshed references and corrected typo