An Atypical Case of Foster Kennedy Syndrome

Foster-Kennedy syndrome was described in 1911 as an ophthalmologic manifestation of compression by a solid tumor in the frontal area with intracranial hypertension (ICHT). We describe a peculiar case of Foster-Kennedy syndrome associated with an arteriovenous malformation in which neither optic nerve compression nor ICHT was obvious. We discuss the different pathogenic mechanisms to explain this case, for which a chronic venous hypertension was the most probabile etiology. </jats:p

Neuronal propagation of HSV1 from the oral mucosa to the eye.

PURPOSE: To identify possible neuronal pathways leading to herpetic ocular disease after primary oral infection in mice. METHODS: The SC16 strain of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 (10(6) plaque-forming units) was injected into the mucocutaneous border of the left upper lip. Animals were killed 2 to 10 days postinoculation (DPI). Spread of the virus in neural structures was studied by immunochemistry. RESULTS: HSV1 first replicated at the site of inoculation and then at the superior cervical ganglion (at 2 DPI). The trigeminal ganglion and the facial nerve fibers were infected by 4 DPI. Infection of the ciliary body and iris occurred at 6 DPI, together with several brain stem nuclei belonging to the autonomic or sensory pathways. Between 8 and 10 DPI, the neural infection gradually cleared up, except for the ipsilateral sympathetic ganglion, and ipsilateral keratitis appeared in some animals. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of viral dissemination in this mouse model suggests that infection of iris and ciliary body results from transfer of virus in the superior cervical ganglion from sympathetic neurons innervating the lip to neighboring neurons innervating the anterior uvea. Later, zosteriform spread of virus from the trigeminal system may have contributed to the clinical and histologic findings

The carbon footprint of cataract surgery in a French University Hospital.

To assess the carbon footprint of cataract surgery in a French university hospital. Operating room of Cochin University Hospital, Paris, France. Single-center component analysis. One day of surgery was used as a reference. Greenhouse gases (GHG) related to patient and staff transportation were calculated based on the distance travelled and the means of transportation used. The annual consumption of energy (heating and electricity) of our building was converted in kg equivalent of carbon dioxide (CO &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; eq), and the principle of proportionality was used to calculate what was used for a single cataract procedure. GHG emissions related to the life cycle assessment (LCA) of the equipment used and the sterilization process were calculated. The LCA of disposable items accounted for 59.49kg (73.32%) of CO &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; eq for each procedure. A single procedure generated 2.83±0.10kg of waste. The average CO &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; eq produced by the transportation of the patients to and from our center, adjusted for one procedure, was 7.26±6.90kg (8.95%) of CO &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; eq. The CO &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; eq produced by the sterilization of the phacoemulsifier handpiece was 2.12kg (2.61%). The energy consumption of the building and staff transportation accounted for the remaining CO &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; eq emissions, 0.76kg (0.93%) and 0.08kg (0.10%) respectively. Altogether, the carbon footprint of one cataract procedure in our center was 81.13kg CO &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; eq - the equivalent of an average car driving 800km. Our data provide a basis to quantify cataract surgery as a source of GHG and suggests that reductions in emissions can be achieved