First Report of Fusarium equiseti as the Causal Agent of Seed Rot of Matthiola longipetala in Serbia

Matthiola longipetala (Vent) DC, commonly known as "night-scented stock" or "evening stock" is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Matthiola in the family Brassicaceae. It is a common garden flower, available in a variety of colours, many of which are heavily scented and also used in floristry. An elevated incidence of Fusarium was observed during a routine quality control seed assay of M. longipetala obtained from a private production facility in Đurđevo, Serbia in 2018. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. equiseti as a causal agent of seed rot on M. longipetala in Serbia

Comparative Study of the Nutritional and Chemical Composition of New Oil Rape, Safflower and Mustard Seed Varieties Developed and Grown in Serbia

Oilseed crops are widely cultivated and are related to nutrition and human health as valuable nutraceutical sources with valuable biological properties. The growing demand for oil plants used in human and animal nutrition or for the processing industry has contributed to the diversification and development of a new variety of oil crops. Increased oil crop diversity, besides ensuring reduced sensitivity to pests and climate conditions, has also led to improved nutritional values. In order to enable oil crop cultivation to become commercially sustainable, a comprehensive characterization of newly created varieties of oilseeds, including their nutritional and chemical composition, is required. In this study, two varieties of safflower and white and black mustard were investigated as alternative oil species for nutritional parameters, mainly protein, fat, carbohydrate, moisture, ash, polyphenols, flavonoids, chlorophylls contents, acids and mineral composition, and compared with those of two different genotypes of rapeseeds as a traditional oil crop plant. The proximate analysis found that the highest oil content was found in the oil rape NS Svetlana genotype (33.23%), while the lowest was in black mustard (25.37%). The protein content varies from around 26% in safflower samples to 34.63%, determined in white mustard. High content of unsaturated fatty acids and low content of saturated fatty acid was observed in the analyzed samples. In mineral analysis, the dominant elements were phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, in descending order. The observed oil crops are also good sources of microelements, including iron, copper, manganese and zinc, accompanied by high antioxidant activity due to the presence of significant amounts of polyphenolic and flavonoid compound

Anna, sorta ozime uljane repice (Ukrajina)

Anna je novostvorena sorta ozime uljane repice (Brassica napus L.) priznata od strane Ministarstva agrarne politike Ukrajine.Anna is a registered newly-developed cultivar of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) released by the Ministry of Agricultural Policy of Ukraine.Broj rešenja 07202 od 11.01.2007. Kije

Sunflower seed cake as a potential bioresource for isolation of flavonoids

Sunflower seed cake is remaining after isolation of oil from sunflower seeds and practically represents a waste from production of cold pressed sunflower oils. This waste product is consider as a viable potential source of various natural compounds and can be exploited for the production of new products and isolation of valuable substances such as biologically active compounds and nutraceuticals. In addition, isolation of biologically active substances from food waste represents the way for recycling and may be economically attractive as well. Flavonoids represent a group of polyphenol compounds with a high antioxidant power. These phytochemicals are known to reduce many chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, heart diseases, diabetes, obesity and certain cancer [1]. In this work we investigated the flavonoids content in seven sunflower seed cakes coming from cold pressed oil production. Flavonoids are extracted by using 80% ethanol and ultrasound-assisted extraction at 30°C for 10 minutes. Total flavonoid content is determined by a colorimetric method [2]. The results showed that sunflower seed cakes contained significant amounts of total flavonoids. The total flavonoids content is found to be in the range from 12.3 to 24.6 mg of catechin equivalent/g. The results proved that sunflower seed cakes obtained from cold pressed oil production represent valuable by-product and can be used as a raw material for isolation of bioactive flavonoids which could be further applied for development of various functional foods

Relationships among oil content, protein content and grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)

Assessment of health-beneficial chemicals in wheat grain and oran, such as proteins and oil is important for the breeding due to increased consume: cernands ior healthier food. Also, it is very important to know their relationships with the grein yield and to what extent they could be modified by growing conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate oil and protein contents, as well as grain yield of 25 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) varieties and to establish correlations among these traits in different environments. The field studies were performed on three different experimental sites in Serbia during two growing seasons (2009/10 and 2010/11). The investigated locations representing Serbia’s most important wheat-growing areas: Rimski Sancevi (45°20’N, 19°51'F 37 m altitude), Sremska Mitrovica (46°06'N, 19°33'E, 83 m altitude) and Pancevo (44°50 N, 20°40°E, 76 m altitude). The oil was extracted from wheat bran obtained by laboratory mi! MLU 202. Classical Rushkovsky method was used to determine oil content, while protein content was determined by the ICC 105/2 method. Significant variability was found among the genotypes for all analysed traits. In the six environments, the oil content varied from 2 “> 5.6%. with the average value of 3.8% and coefficient of variation (CV) 15.7%. The protein content ranged from 11.2% to 17.8% with the CV of 5.4%, while the grain yield varied fram 2.3 to 9.8 t/ha, with the CV of 17.8%. The average genotypic values for all environments have shown negative correlation between protein content and grain yield (r=-0.739**). This correlation was highly significant in three (E3, E4 and £6) out of six environments, while significant positive correlation between oil content and grain yield (r=0.441*) was found only in Ee. The established correlations between the traits are highly environmentally dependant and co. » modified by variable growing conditions. It will be very valuable for breeding process to identufy climatic variables and growing conditions that modify unwanted correlations, 2s well as to identify genotypes in which these correlations are not expressed !n orce iow successful breeding for improvement of both traits at the same time. For positive correlations it is also useful to know the favourable conditions in which they can be maximiz

Optimizacija postupka ekstrakcije polifenola iz pogače konzumnog suncokreta

Seme suncokreta se odavnina koristi u Ijudskoj ishrani i u danaSnje vreme predstavlja jednu od najvise gajenih uljanih kultura u svetu. Razlikuju se dva tipa suncokreta koji se gaje, uljani tip | konzumni tip. Uljani tip suncokreta se proizvodi za dobijanje jestivog biljnog ulja, dok se konzumni suncokret odlikuje manjim sadrzajem ulja i visokim sadrzajem proteina i drugih bioloski aktivnih jedinjenja, i koristi se preteZno za lIjudsku ishranu usled visoke hranljive vrednosti. U poslednje vreme, mogucnost proizvodnje ulja od konzumnog suncokreta je predmet interesovanja kako u nauénim krugovima, tako i u krugovima proizvodaga i preradivaéa. Ulja iz konzumnog suncokreta dobijaju se cedenjem, tj. primenom mehanickih presa i delovanjem sile na seme. Nerafinisano, hladno cedeno ulje poseduje karakteristi€na senzorna svojstva i sadrzi ocuvane bioaktivne komponente koje poti€u iz semena suncokreta. Usled odsustva rafinacije, ova ulja su specificna po svom izgledu, boji, mirisu i ukusu, hemijskom sastavu, nutritivnoj vrednosti i odrzivosti. Nakon mehanickog izdvajanja ulja presovanjem semena zaostaje pogaca koja prakti¢no predstavija otpad iz prehrambene industrije i najéeée se koristi za ishranu Zivotinja. Pored visokog sadrzaja proteina, pogaca sadrizi znaéajne koliéine biologki aktivnih jedinjenja, te moze predstavijati polaznu sirovinu za dobijanje ekstrakata koji sadrze visoko vredna jedinjenja i koji bi dalje mogli da se koriste za obogacivanje prehrambenih proizvoda ili kao dodaci u farmaceutskim proizvodima. Polifenoli, pored ostalih vaznih jedinjenja, predstavijaju veoma znacajnu grupu supstanci koje se nalaze u konzumnom suncokretu. Unosenje ove vrste jedinjenja hranom ima visestruke efekte na |judsko zdravije, prvenstveno povezanih sa njihovom izrazenom antioksidativnom aktivnoscu i sposobnosti eliminacije slobodnih radikala. Konzumacija hrane bogate antioksidantima smanjuje inflamaciju i nivo oksidativnog stresa kod €oveka.?? Takode oni pozitivno uti€u na celokupan kardiovaskularni sistem i proces starenja. Istrazivanja su potvrdila pozitivnu ulogu polifenolnih jedinjenja u prevenciji razvoja raka, kardiovaskularnih bolesti, dijabetesa, osteoporoze i neurodegenerativnih bolesti.? $ obzirom na pozitivno dejstvo na zdravije ljudi, otuda i veliko interesovanje za proucavanje ovih prirodnih jedinjenja, kao i ispitivanje njihovih novih potencijalnih izvora unosa. Za ekstrakciju polifenola iz razlicitih biljnih materijala mogu se koristiti razli¢ite tehnike ekstrakcije. Uobiéajeni postupci ekstrakcije su nedovoljno efikasni i ne omogucavaju visoko iskoriscenje biljnog materijala, zahtevaju upotrebu zna¢ajno vecih kolicina organiskih rastvaraca, uz istovremeni veliki utroSak energije usled dugotrajnih procesa ekstrakcije, neophodnosti zagrevanje i mesanja. U poslednje vreme se mnogo cesce koriste moderne tehnike kao Sto su mikrotalasna i ultrazvuéna ekstrakcija koje se ubrajaju u metode ,,zelene ekstrakcije“ i imaju za cilj zastitu Zivotne sredine i opsteg zdravlja Ijudi. Generalno, koncept zelenih tehnika podrazumeva smanjenje ili eliminaciju primene toksi¢nih rastvaraca za ekstrakciju uz istovremeno povecanje iskoriscenja procesa kroz manji utrosak energije, manje generisanje otpada, kra¢e vreme trajanja procesa i manje angazovanje operatera

Effect of G × E interaction on oil and protein content in wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)

Oil and protein content in wheat grain are quality indicators important for food processing, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. These and many other quality parameters could be signiticantly influenced by genotype, growing conditions and cultivation practices, especially fertilization. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of genotype, growing season, mitrogen (N) fertilization and their interactions on the oil and protein content in 24 varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.). Field trials with two N rates (low nitrogen N4s and high nitrogen Nii) were conducted at the location of Rimski Sanéevi, Serbia, during two growing seasons. The oil was extracted from wheat bran obtained by laboratory mill MLU 202. Classical Rushkovsky method was used to determine oil content, while protein content was determined by the ICC 105/2 method. Significant variability was found among the genotypes for both analysed traits. In two growing seasons and at different N rates, the oil content varied from 2.02% to 5.58%, with the average value of 3.96% and coefficient of variation (CV) 9.2%. The protein content ranged from 10.7% to 17.7% with the CV of 3.1%. All sources of variation (genotype - G, year - Y and N fertilization - F) and their interactions had significant effects on oil and protein content, except the Y x F interaction on the latter. Regarding the oil content, the effect of the year was stronger than the effect of nitrogen. In contrast, protein content was more affected by the N fertilization than by the year. Principal component analysis was used for grouping genotypes according to their stability and reaction to different growing environments. Cvs. Cipovka, Dragana and Simonida were identified as very stable with high oil content in different growing conditions, while cvs. Bankut 1205 and Banatka were identified as potential sources of high protein content. The identified genotypes can serve as parents in wheat breeding for higher oil and protein content

Determination of fatty acid composition in wheat bran by gas chromatography

Wheat bran is specifically rich in dietary fibre, essential fatty acids and contains important quantities of starch, protein, vitamins, dietary minerals and phytic acid. It is also well known medicinally for its powerful anticarcinogenic and antioxidant properties. Wheat bran is rich source of essential fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (18:2n6) and linolenic acid (18:3n3). Inoleic acid and fatty acid of n6 and n3 series play an important role in the odulation of human metabolism. Linoleic acid is undoubtedly one of the most location of Rimski Sančevi (Vojvodina Province, Serbia) to evaluate oil tents and fatty acid profiles in a collection of 25 wheat genotypes

Intercropping spring-sown brassicas with cereals for green manure

Brassica and cereal crops have been cultivated in Southeast Europe since Neolithic, as one of the major segments of the so-called “agricultural revolution”, having commenced in the Near East (Zohary et al. 2012). The Balkan Peninsula was one of its main routes leading to the continent's centre and has remained oriented towards growing these crops until today. In many regions, spring-sown cultivars of both brassicas, such as rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and white mustard (Sinapis alba L.), and cereals, like oat (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) are used for forage production, either as sole crops or in mixtures mostly with annual legumes, such as pea (Pisum sativum L.) or common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) (Cupina et al. 2011, Cupina et al. 2014). Intercropping, most often referring to sowing and cultivating two or more domesticated species at the same place and at the same time together, is one of the most ancient attested farming designs (Hauggaard-Nielsen et al. 2011). Mixtures of brassicas and legumes proved to be beneficial to both components, especially for the first one, due to an enhanced supply with nitrogen (Cortés-Mora et al. 2010). The agronomic performance of the intercrops of various spring-sown brassicas and cereals has remained rather scarcely examined, although it could provide diverse agricultural practices in contrasting temperate environments with a number of advantages (Mihailovic et al. 2014). The goal of this study was to assess the possibility of intercropping sprin