1,433 research outputs found
Real-time detection of individual atoms falling through a high-finesse optical cavity
The enhanced coupling between atoms and photons inside a high-finesse optical cavity provides a novel basis for optical measurements that continuously monitor atomic degrees of freedom. We describe an experiment in which cavity quantum-electrodynamic effects are utilized for real-time detection of individual atoms falling through an optical cavity after being dropped from a magneto-optical trap. Our technique permits experiments that are triggered by the presence of a single optimally coupled atom within the cavity mode volume
The dressed atom as binary phase modulator: towards attojoule/edge optical phase-shift keying
Nanophotonic technologies offer great promise for ultra-low power optical
signal processing, but relatively few nonlinear-optical phenomena have yet been
explored as bases for robust digital
modulation/switching~\cite{Yang07,Fara08,Liu10,Noza10}. Here we show that a
single two-level system (TLS) coupled strongly to an optical resonator can
impart binary phase modulation on a saturating probe beam. Our experiment
relies on spontaneous emission to induce occasional transitions between
positive and negative phase shifts---with each such edge corresponding to a
dissipated energy of just one photon ( aJ)---but an optical
control beam could be used to trigger additional phase switching at signalling
rates above this background. Although our ability to demonstrate controlled
switching in our atom-based experiment is limited, we discuss prospects for
exploiting analogous physics in a nanophotonic device incorporating a quantum
dot as the TLS to realize deterministic binary phase modulation with control
power in the aJ/edge regime.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Remnants of semiclassical bistability in the few-photon regime of cavity QED
Broadband homodyne detection of the light transmitted by a Fabry-Perot cavity
containing a strongly-coupled Cs atom is used to probe the dynamic
optical response in a regime where semiclassical theory predicts bistability
but strong quantum corrections should apply. While quantum fluctuations
destabilize true equilibrium bistability, our observations confirm the
existence of metastable states with finite lifetimes and a hysteretic response
is apparent when the optical drive is modulated on comparable timescales. Our
experiment elucidates remnant semiclassical behavior in the attojoule (
photon) regime of single-atom cavity QED, of potential significance for
ultra-low power photonic signal processing.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure
Design of nanophotonic circuits for autonomous subsystem quantum error correction
We reapply our approach to designing nanophotonic quantum memories to
formulate an optical network that autonomously protects a single logical qubit
against arbitrary single-qubit errors. Emulating the 9 qubit Bacon-Shor
subsystem code, the network replaces the traditionally discrete syndrome
measurement and correction steps by continuous, time-independent optical
interactions and coherent feedback of unitarily processed optical fields.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Feedback cooling of atomic motion in cavity QED
We consider the problem of controlling the motion of an atom trapped in an
optical cavity using continuous feedback. In order to realize such a scheme
experimentally, one must be able to perform state estimation of the atomic
motion in real time. While in theory this estimate may be provided by a
stochastic master equation describing the full dynamics of the observed system,
integrating this equation in real time is impractical. Here we derive an
approximate estimation equation for this purpose, and use it as a drive in a
feedback algorithm designed to cool the motion of the atom. We examine the
effectiveness of such a procedure using full simulations of the cavity QED
system, including the quantized motion of the atom in one dimension.Comment: 22 pages, 17 figure
Quantum feedback control of atomic motion in an optical cavity
We study quantum feedback cooling of atomic motion in an optical cavity. We design a feedback algorithm that can cool the atom to the ground state of the optical potential with high efficiency despite the nonlinear nature of this problem. An important ingredient is a simplified state-estimation algorithm, necessary for a real-time implementation of the feedback loop. We also describe the critical role of parity dynamics in the cooling process and present a simple theory that predicts the achievable steady-state atomic energies
A new bound of the â2[0, T]-induced norm and applications to model reduction
We present a simple bound on the finite horizon â2/[0, T]-induced norm of a linear time-invariant (LTI), not necessarily stable system which can be efficiently computed by calculating the ââ norm of a shifted version of the original operator. As an application, we show how to use this bound to perform model reduction of unstable systems over a finite horizon. The technique is illustrated with a non-trivial physical example relevant to the appearance of time-irreversible phenomena in statistical physics
A sub-Doppler resolution double resonance molecular beam infrared spectrometer operating at chemically relevant energies (~2 eV)
A molecular beam spectrometer capable of achieving sub-Doppler resolution at 2 eV (~18 000 cm^â1) of vibrational excitation is described and its performance demonstrated using the CH stretch chromophore of HCN. Two high finesse resonant power-buildup cavities are used to excite the molecules using a sequential double resonance technique. A v = 0-->2 transition is first saturated using a 1.5 ”m color center laser, whereupon a fraction of the molecules is further excited to the v = 6 level using an amplitude modulated Ti:Al2O3 laser. The energy absorbed by the molecules is detected downstream of both excitation points by a cryogenically cooled bolometer using phase sensitive detection. A resolution of approximately 15 MHz (i.e., three parts in 10^8) is demonstrated by recording a rotational line in the v = 6 manifold of HCN. Scan speeds of up to several cm^â1/h were obtained, with signal-to-noise ratios in excess of 100. The high signal-to-noise ratio and a dynamic range of 6Ă10^4 means that future experiments to study statistical intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution in small molecules and unimolecular isomerizations can be attempted. We would also like to point out that, with improved metrology in laser wavelengths, this instrument can also be used to provide improved secondary frequency standards based upon the rovibrational spectra of molecules
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