Results of the study of the pathophysiological effects of dysregulation of free-radical processes: deadlock or a new impulse?

The review presents the results of the authors' work of many years and the data of foreign studies, indicating the importance of free radical processes in etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The justification of the idea that oxidative stress in atherosclerosis develops more often during disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, contributing to emergence of carbonyl stress in diabetes. It is hypothesized that there is a single molecular mechanism of primary pro-atherogenic injuries of vessel walls in atherosclerosis and diabetes, which enhances the formation of carbonyl-modified low-density lipoproteins, accumulating in the foam cells. The results of recent studies indicate that oxidatively modified LDL involved not only the primary injury to the vessel walls, but also provoked the development of endothelial dysfunction, so that once again raises the issue of the need for the use of antioxidants to prevent injuries in vascular walls. It can be assumed that the result of years of intensive research of free radical process mechanisms in atherosclerosis and diabetes will be the development of new drugs for the combined therapy of these diseases that can be disposed not only reactive oxygen species and organic free radicals and reactive carbonyls, which are clearly playing an important role in the development of pro-atherogenic injuries

СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОЕ ПЛАНИРОВАНИЕ РЕСУРСОВ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ: ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ВЫБОРА ЦЕЛЕВЫХ УСТАНОВОК

Choice of the targets is one of most important elements of the resource planning system. Particular feature of the strategic planning is development of future alternatives for the enterprise. Main resource strategic planning cycle elements: examination of principal external and internal environment components; forming the company mission; development of long-term targets; concretization of the long-term targets through short-term aims; examination of strategies and final choice.Выбор целевых установок является одним из важнейших элементов системы планирования ресурсов. Особенностью стратегического планирования является разработка альтернативных версий будущего развития предприятия. Основные элементы цикла стратегического планирования ресурсов: анализ внешней и внутренней среды, формирование миссии организации, разработка долгосрочных целей, их конкретизация путем определения целей краткосрочных, анализ и выбор стратегии

ОСНОВНЫЕ УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ НА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ С ДИНАМИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРОЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ

In their activity, minor and medium enterprises come across various problems. Clusters provide best conditions for such enterprises to operate. Among main Russian clusters’ management problems there are: multistage management system; absence of a single and transparent accounting and budgeting system; vague distribution of responsibilities between the managing company and business units; inadequate horizontal links between business units; management process inadequate decentralization. Typical group problems’ causes are examined, solution ways and means are proposed.Мелкие и средние предприятия сталкиваются в своей практической деятельности с проблемами менеджмента. Лучше всего таким предприятиям работать в кластерах, которых в России пока мало. Основными управленческими проблемами кластеров являются: многоступенчатость системы управления; отсутствие единообразной и прозрачной системы управленческого уче-та и бюджетирования; отсутствие четкого разделения ответственности между управляющей компанией и бизнес-единицами; недостаточность горизонтальных связей между бизнес-единицами; неадекватная децентрализация процесса управления. Дан анализ причин возникновения таких проблем по характерным группам, намечены пути и способы решения

Oxidative stress in hyperthermia

Oxidative stress is a risk factor for disease development and cardiovascular system, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. The resulting product is thus free radical lipid peroxidation - malondialdehyde (MDA) is atherogenic modification of low density lipoproteins (LDL), so that they acquire the ability to be rapidly accumulated in the cells of the vessel walls, causing pre-aterosklerotic lipoid damages. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high temperature (one of the environmental factors) for key operating parameters: the content of secondary products of free radical oxidation polyene lipids - mDa in blood plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant activity of key enzymes. Hyperthermia was triggered in practically healthy volunteers (6 males, 22-46years). The analysis was made using a recording spectrophotometer Hitachi-557 (Japan). The statistical analysis was performed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon-test (Attestat program). MDA levels in the blood plasma, the activity of key antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes were determined through divided intervals in study participants. A significant increase in MDA content (62 %) and reduction of catalase activity (11 %) and glutathione peroxidase (19 %) were revealed after 30 days in the conditions of hyperthermia test

On the Specific Features of Temperature Evolution in Ultracold Plasmas

A theoretical interpretation of the recent experimental studies of temperature evolution in the course of time in the freely-expanding ultracold plasma bunches, released from a magneto-optical trap, is discussed. The most interesting result is finding the asymptotics of the form T_e ~ t^{-(1.2 +/- 0.1)} instead of t^{-2}, which was expected for the rarefied monatomic gas during inertial expansion. As follows from our consideration, the substantially decelerated decay of the temperature can be well explained by the specific features of the equation of state for the ultracold plasmas with strong Coulomb's coupling, whereas a heat release due to inelastic processes (in particular, three-body recombination) does not play an appreciable role in the first approximation. This conclusion is confirmed both by approximate analytical estimates, based on the model of "virialization" of the charged-particle energies, and by the results of "ab initio" numerical simulation. Moreover, the simulation shows that the above-mentioned law of temperature evolution is approached very quickly--when the virial criterion is satisfied only within a factor on the order of unity.Comment: LaTeX + 3 eps figures, 16 pages. Plasma Physics Reports, v.37, in press (2011

Прогнозирование нестабильностей шкал синхронизации

The models of care of synchronization scales based on quartz frequency standards are considered. Based on the models of long-term care scales algorithms to estimate parameters of these processes and their prediction are created. Solutions for some particular types of instabilities are given.Рассмотрены модели уходов шкал синхронизации, построенных с использованием кварцевых стандартов частоты. На основе приведенных моделей долговременных уходов шкал построены алгоритмы оценки параметров этих процессов и их прогнозирования. Приведены решения задач для некоторых частных видов нестабильностей

Дискуссионные вопросы высокочастотной электросварки биологических тканей

Цель. Исследование физических свойств составляющих биологических тканей и их роли в процессе электрической сварки мягких биологических тканей, а также измерение температуры в зоне электросварки. Материалы и методы. Исследования провели с использованием созданной системы для измерения температуры, состоящей из усилителя термо-ЭДС, внешнего модуля АЦП Е14-440 “Л-Кард”, ноутбука с программным обеспечением “PowerGraph”. Использовали также биполярный электрохирургический зажим и ВЧ-электрокоагулятор ЕК-300М1. Для имеющегося при сварке биологических тканей диапазона температур 40 – 200 °С выбраны термопары К–типа диаметром 70 мкм. Результаты. Проведенные исследования позволили установить, что сопротивление электролитов уменьшается, а проводимость - увеличивается с повышением температуры. Это объясняется тем, что с повышением температуры для слабых растворов увеличивается их диссоциация и, следовательно, число положительных и отрицательных ионов. Электропроводность цельных органов в 2 - 5 раз ниже, чем электропроводность биологических жидкостей. Поэтому при «полном» обезвоживании ткань практически теряет электропроводность, тепло в ней перестает выделяться и происходит резкое падение напряжения, силы тока и сопротивления, что предотвращает глубокие деструктивные изменения мягких тканей в зоне электросварки. Эти данные получены нами в процессе выполнения эксперимента по изучению температурных режимов тканей кишечника, мышечной ткани, легкого и печени. Выводы. Данными, полученными в ходе выполнения эксперимента, доказана безопасность высокочастотной электросварки мягких тканей в пределах температурных режимов от 45 до 95 °С без явлений некроза и обугливания

Modification of low-density lipoproteins by low molecular weight carbonyl products of free-radical oxidation of lipids and carbohydrates plays a key role in atherosclerotic lesion of the vascular wall and in endothelial dysfunction

The review presents evidence of the participation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) modified by low molecular weight dicarbonyl compounds formed during freeradical oxidation of lipids (malondialdehyde) and carbohydrates in the development of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic vascular lesions. The authors believe that it is they, and not oxidized (hydroperoxide-containing) LDL, that are the main factors of pathogenesis. The role of dicarbonyl-modified LDL in LOX-1 dependent induction of processes leading to the development of endothelial dysfunction is discussed. The results of studies proving that damage to the glycocalyx (a layer of macromolecules that prevent the development of endothelial dysfunction) covering the luminal surface of the endothelium is caused by hyperproduction of reactive oxygen species. Ways of pharmacological correction of free-radical oxidation processes are discussed, due to which inhibition of atherogenesis and diabetogenesis can be achieved

Clearance of carbonyl-modified lipoproteins from the bloodstream of rabbits

We have suggested that the molecular mechanism of vascular wall damage in diabetes is not substantially different from that in atherosclerosis. Thus, it can be assumed that aldehyde-modified LDL should be eliminated from the blood stream with much greater speed than non-oxidized LDL. In the available literature there is information about the clearance of native human LDL from the bloodstream, whereas information on the clearance of the aldehyde-modified LDL in animals or humans was not found. Based on this, the present work is devoted to the clearance of aldehyde-modified LDL of rabbits and humans introduced into the bloodstream of rabbits. We investigated the clearance of glyoxal-, methylglyoxal- and MDA-modified LDL from the bloodstream of rabbits. We used biotinylated LDL of rabbit blood plasma and FITC-labeled LDL of human blood plasma. LDL was isolated with preparative ultracentrifugation in NaBr gradient. It was shown that glyoxal- and methylglyoxal-modified LDL of rabbits and humans circulated in the bloodstream for the same time as native LDL while MDA-modified LDL was rapidly eliminated from the bloodstream. The data obtained indicated the possibility of greater atherogenic potential of glyoxal- and methylglyoxal-modified LDL as they circulate in the bloodstream for a rather long time. At the same time, MDA-modified LDL is likely to be exposed to enhanced elimination by macrophages after their "linkage" to blood cells

Маршрутизация в сети телемеханики объектов энергораспределения на основе радиоканалов

In clause is considered principle construction net of telemechanics for object of electric power on base wireless link. Adduce of criterion choice the route, written the algorithm of construction the route on example real net. Considered automatic form the new station of control in net.Рассмотрено построение маршрута в сети телемеханики на примере фрагмента реальной сети. Определены критерий выбора и последовательность построения маршрута. Рассмотрено автоматическое введение нового контролируемого пункта