Field experimental study of traffic-induced turbulence on highways

This paper is focused on traffic-induced turbulence (TIT) analysis from a field campaign performed in 2011, using ultrasonic anemometers deployed in the M-12 Highways, Madrid (Spain). The study attempts to improve knowledge about the influence of traffic-related parameters on turbulence. Linear relationships between vehicle speed and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) values are found with coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.75 and 0.55 for the lorry and van respectively. The vehicle-induced fluctuations in the wind components (u', v' and w') showed the highest values for the longitudinal component (v) because of the wake-passing effect. In the analysis of wake produced by moving vehicles it is indicated how the turbulence dissipates in relation to a distance d and height h. The TKE values were found to be higher at the measuring points closer to the surface during the wake analysis.This work was supported by the OASIS Research Project that was co financed by CDTI (Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry) and developed with the Spanish companies: Iridium, OHL Concesiones, Abertis, Sice, Indra, Dragados, OHL, Geocisa, GMV, Asfaltos Augusta, Hidrofersa, Eipsa, PyG, CPS, AEC and Torre de Comares Arquitectos s.l and 16 research centres

Organocatalytic strategies for the development of the enantioselective inverse-electron-demand hetero-Diels-Alder reaction

Cycloaddition reactions, in particular Diels-Alder reactions, have attracted a lot of attention from organic chemists since they represent one of the most powerful methodologies for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds. In particular, inverse-electron-demand hetero-Diels-Alder reactions have been an important breakthrough for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Among all their variants, the organocatalytic enantioselective version has been widely explored since the asymmetric construction of diversely functionalized scaffolds under reaction conditions encompassed within the green chemistry field is of great interest. In this review, a profound revision on the latest advances on the organocatalytic asymmetric inverse-electron demand hetero-Diels-Alder reaction is shownWe are grateful to the Spanish Government (CTQ2015-64561-R and RTI2018-095038-B-I00), “Comunidad de Madrid” and European Structural Funds (S2018/NMT-4367). J.A.F.-S. thanks the Spanish Government for a Ramón y Cajal contract. V.L.-M. thanks Universidad Autónoma de Madrid for a predoctoral fellowship (FPI-UAM

Unsupervised multi-object segmentation by predicting probable motion patterns

We propose a new approach to learn to segment multiple image objects without manual supervision. The method can extract objects form still images, but uses videos for supervision. While prior works have considered motion for segmentation, a key insight is that, while motion can be used to identify objects, not all objects are necessarily in motion: the absence of motion does not imply the absence of objects. Hence, our model learns to predict image regions that are likely to contain motion patterns characteristic of objects moving rigidly. It does not predict specific motion, which cannot be done unambiguously from a still image, but a distribution of possible motions, which includes the possibility that an object does not move at all. We demonstrate the advantage of this approach over its deterministic counterpart and show state-of-the-art unsupervised object segmentation performance on simulated and real-world benchmarks, surpassing methods that use motion even at test time. As our approach is applicable to variety of network architectures that segment the scenes, we also apply it to existing image reconstruction-based models showing drastic improvement. Project page and code: https://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~vgg/research/ppmp

Carnation wilt diseases caused by fungi in Finland

From 81 carnation samples collected in 1967—68 from nurseries in different parts of the country were identified 17 species of fungus, from a total of 177 fungus isolates. Among these, Fusarium oxysporum was most widespread, 31.1 %. F. arthrosporioides, F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, Alternaria tenuis and Cladosporium sp. occurred in considerable quantities. The percentage of Phialophora cinerescens was 1.1 %. In the inoculation trials F. oxysporum behaved as a strongly pathogenic, infecting plants via the air through cut surfaces and via the soil by root-penetration. A. tenuis, F. avenaceum and F. culmorum infected carnations only from the air through cut surfaces. In the fungicide trials against F. oxysporum, spraying the plants infected via the soil proved ineffective. The trials were made with the systemic Benlate (1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamic acid, methyl ester 50 %), Plantvax (2,3-Dihydro-5-carboxanilido- 6-methyl-1,4-oxathiin-4,4-dioxide), Vitavax (2,3-Dihydro-5-caboxanilido-6-methyl-1,4-oxathiin), and with the non-systemic Dithane M-45 (mancozeb 80 %), Orthocide 50 (captan 50 %) and Pomarsol Forte (thiram 80 %). The dipping of rooted cuttings into Benlate and Dithane M-45 compounds to a certain extent delayed the process of wilting

Enantioselective inverse-electron demand Aza-Diels-Alder reaction: ipso,α-selectivity of silyl dienol ethers

A highly efficient enantioselective inverse-electron-demand aza-Diels-Alder reaction between aza-sulfonyl-1-aza-1,3-butadienes and silyl (di)enol ethers has been developed. The presented methodology allows the synthesis of benzofuran-fused 2-piperidinol derivatives with three contiguous stereocenters in a highly selective manner, as even the hemiaminal center is completely stereocontrolled. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations support that the hydrogen-bond donor-based bifunctional organocatalyst selectively triggers the reaction through the ipso,α-position of the dienophile, in contrast to the reactivity observed for dienolates in situ generated from β,γ-unsaturated derivatives. Moreover, the calculations have clarified the mechanism of the reaction and the ability of the hydrogen-bond donor core to hydrolyze selectively theEisomer of the dienol ether. Furthermore, to demonstrate the applicability of silyl enol ethers as nucleophiles in the asymmetric synthesis of interesting benzofuran-fused derivatives, the catalytic system has also been implemented for the highly efficient installation of an aromatic ring in the piperidine adductsFinancial support was provided by the European Research Council (ERC-CoG, contract number: 647550), Spanish Government (RTI2018-095038-B-I00), and “Comunidad de Madrid” and European Structural Funds (S2018/NMT-4367

Asymmetric synthesis of Rauhut-Currier-type esters via Mukaiyama-Michael reaction to acylphosphonates under bifunctional catalysis

A highly enantioselective organocatalytic Mukaiyama-Michael reaction of silyloxy dienes and α,β-unsaturated acyl phosphonates under bifunctional organocatalysis is presented. The new reactivity triggered by the catalyst conducted to Rauhut-Currier type esters, via a formal conjugate addition to α,β-unsaturated esters. This protocol proceeds under mild conditions with complete regioselectivity and excellent enantiocontrolWe are grateful to the Spanish Government (CTQ2015-64561-R and CTQ2016-76061-P) and the European Research Council (ERCCG-UNBICAT, contract number: 647550). J. A. F.-S. and V. L.-M. thank the Spanish Government for a Juan de la Cierva Contract and the Universidad Auto´noma de Madrid for a predoctoral fellowship (FPI-UAM), respectively. Financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the ‘‘Maria de Maeztu’’ Program of Excellence in R&D (MDM-2014-0377), is also acknowledged. We acknowledge the generous allocation of computing time at the CCC (UAM

EPIC Fields: Marrying 3D Geometry and Video Understanding

Neural rendering is fuelling a unification of learning, 3D geometry and video understanding that has been waiting for more than two decades. Progress, however, is still hampered by a lack of suitable datasets and benchmarks. To address this gap, we introduce EPIC Fields, an augmentation of EPIC-KITCHENS with 3D camera information. Like other datasets for neural rendering, EPIC Fields removes the complex and expensive step of reconstructing cameras using photogrammetry, and allows researchers to focus on modelling problems. We illustrate the challenge of photogrammetry in egocentric videos of dynamic actions and propose innovations to address them. Compared to other neural rendering datasets, EPIC Fields is better tailored to video understanding because it is paired with labelled action segments and the recent VISOR segment annotations. To further motivate the community, we also evaluate two benchmark tasks in neural rendering and segmenting dynamic objects, with strong baselines that showcase what is not possible today. We also highlight the advantage of geometry in semi-supervised video object segmentations on the VISOR annotations. EPIC Fields reconstructs 96% of videos in EPIC-KITCHENS, registering 19M frames in 99 hours recorded in 45 kitchens, and is available from: http://epic-kitchens.github.io/epic-field

Tiempos y rendimientos del método de resinación mediante pica tradicional ascendente

Se analizan los tiempos y rendimientos de los trabajos de resinación con el sistema de pica tradicional ascendent

Climate Change Dependence in Ex Situ Conservation of Wild Medicinal Plants in Crete, Greece

Over 80% of the global population addresses their primary healthcare needs using traditional medicine based on medicinal plants. Consequently, there’s a rising demand for these plants for both household and industrial use at local, regional, national, and international levels. However, wild harvesting has negatively impacted natural ecosystems. Cultivating medicinal species has been proposed as a conservation strategy to alleviate this pressure. Yet, in this age of global climate change concerns, smallholder farmers’ views on the benefits of such cultivation clash with the uncertainties of climate change impacts, amplifying their anxieties. In this context, the climate change dependence of ex situ cultivation of ten wild medicinal taxa with significant ethnopharmacological interest in Crete, Greece, were studied, projecting their potential habitat suitability under various future climate scenarios. The results demonstrated species-specific effects. Based on the potential cultivation area gains and losses, these effects can be categorized into three groups. We also outlined the spatial patterns of these gains and losses, offering valuable insights for regional management strategies benefiting individual practitioners