Olonkho of Olekminsk District in 19th and 20th Centuries: Traditions and Transformations

The situation of traditional storytelling is considered in terms of adherence to the canons of archaic olonkho. The material for the study consists of olonkho texts that were in circulation in the Olekminsky district of Yakutia. Texts were selected for analysis, among which early recordings of olonkho variants from the mid-19th century reveal transformations that distinguish them from traditional olonkho. These transformations are analyzed from the perspective of modern folklore studies — the preservation of the original archaic features of the epic. The author studied the plot-compositional structure, motif fund, and imagery system in early recordings of olonkho from the 19th and 20th centuries in Olekminsky. Deviations from established epic canons were identified. Structural-typological and comparative-comparative methods were applied. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that this aspect of the epic heritage of the Olekminsky district is being studied for the first time. As a result of the study, motifs from world, including Russian, fairy tales were discovered in the content of early recordings of Olekminsky olonkho. This is explained by the unique socio-cultural conditions of the region, in particular, the coexistence of several nationalities. The author attributes such additions to violations of the epic traditions of Yakut storytelling. It is noted that such violations are not found in the epic works of storytellers of the 20th century

Analogies in Yakut Olonkho and Tuvan Epos: Plot-Compositional Structure, Motives (based on the Epics “Nyurgun Bootur the Swift” by G. K. Orosin and “Hunan-Kara” Changchi-Khoo Oorzhak)

The results of a comparative analysis of the texts of the Yakut and Tuvan epics in order to establish common features in the epic heritage of the Yakut and Tuvan peoples are presented in the article. The relevance of the study is due to the problem of searching for the genetic origins of the formation of the heroic epic in modern epiconception. The degree of knowledge of the problem, the style of performance of the epic in a comparative perspective are examined. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the plot-compositional structure, plot-forming motifs. As a result of the study, data were revealed that testify to the undeniable occurrence of epic legends of the Yakut and Tuvan peoples at the interface of their historical and spiritual contacts in the Turkic-Mongolian world, about their common genetic origins. Analogies are found in the manner of performing the storytellers. The proximity of the plot-compositional structure was discovered: in both epic literary texts there are all elements of the plot composition, stable for the Turkic-Mongolian epics. It is established that in the studied works the themes of matchmaking of bogatyr-heroes and their heroic campaigns, battles with monsters in order to protect fellow tribesmen are in contact. Both epics contain ancient motifs: parents provide heroes with heroic armor and a horse; description of a horse-friend, heroism; matchmaking and marriage, etc

Similarities and Differences between the Yakut Olonkho and the Buryat Uliger: Plot Composition and Motives

The article is devoted to the identification of typological similarities and differences in epic plots and motives in the texts of the Yakut olonkho and the Buryat uliger. The relevance of the stated problem is due to the purpose of obtaining additional materials to confirm the results of earlier studies on establishing the genetic origins and typological connections of the epic creativity of the Yakut and Buryat peoples. A brief review of the study of the problem in the works of domestic folklorists, who developed the theory of the comparative study of the peoples of the world epics; Yakut epic scholars, who considered in their works the historical and typological connections of the Yakut olonkho with the epics of the Sayan-Altai, Mongol-Buryat peoples; Buryat scientists who turn in their research to the processes of historical and cultural mutual influences of the epic heritage of the Yakuts and Mongol-Buryats. Scientific methods of typological, structural-comparative and textological analysis are used. The similarity of the plots and plot motives of the olonkho “Nyurgun Bootur the Swift” by K. Orosin and the uliger “Abai Geser Mighty” by M. Imegenov, which is due to the principles of typological repetition in folklore and cultural and historical contacts of the Yakut and Buryat peoples at different stages of development of the Proto-Turkic peoples inhabiting the territory of Central Asia and South Siberia

Harassment in Universities through the Eyes of Students

The article is devoted to the study of the attitude of university students to the problem of harassment in universities, including the identification of their existing stereotypes. Within the framework of this research, domestic and foreign studies of harassment in the academic environment were analyzed and a questionnaire was developed to identify the ideas of university students about the essence and practices of harassment. In total, 250 full-time students from one of the Russian universities took part in the survey.The conducted research has shown that in the students’ view, harassment is not limited to sexual harassment and at the same time includes many practices that were previously fully or partially acceptable for the field of education. In the minds of students, there is a denormalization of bullying, evaluation and commenting on personality and appearance, discrimination based on gender, age, political views and other parameters. The most common stereotypes among students are that harassment is a media construct, that the older generation of men is the bearer of harassment practices, and only women become victims; there is also a widespread belief that the victim herself should cope with the situation in case of harassment. It was also recorded a polarization of opinions in the student environment about the reality of the problem and the essence of harassment and the strategies of action in case of harassment.As a result of the study by the authors of the article, proposals were formulated on the implementation of forms of preventing harassment and resolving conflict situations at the university level

Evaluation of commercial traits in the accessions of the wheatgrass genus (<i>Agropyron</i> Gaertn.) under the conditions of Central Yakutia

Studying plants of the wheatgrass genus as a unique and valuable fodder and phytomeliorating perennial arid xerophytic crop is of great interest to plant breeders, geneticists, biologists, ecologists, agriculturists, and forestry experts in southern regions of Russia, the ex-USSR republics, a number of European and Asia Minor countries, the U. S., Canada, and China. Accessions from the VIR collection representing five wheatgrass species were studied for the first time under the harsh conditions of extremely continental climate in the northern region of Central Yakutia. Introducing wheatgrass, widespread in this region, into cultivation, and releasing new cultivars adapted to local conditions are urgent tasks in forage production. Agropyron Gaertn. incorporates polyploid series, which expands the possibilities of using its accessions in hybridization.   The aim of this study was to analyze and select promising accessions as sources for further use in breeding practice to develop a new cultivar for hay and pasture purposes, and identify genotypes with the best agronomic characteristics.   Results of a three-year (2018–2020) study involving 22 wheatgrass accessions of various ecogeographic origin are presented. The accessions identified over a two-year period for their average yield of green fodder biomass were k-52382 (143.7 g/plant) from Pavlodar Region of Kazakhstan, and the Kazakh cultivar ‘Batyr’ (142.5 g/plant); for the yield of dry fodder biomass, crested wheatgrass k-52382 (on average 65.8 g/plant), k-51330 from Chelyabinsk Province (56.1 g/plant), and cv. ‘Batyr’ (53.2 g/plant); for high seed yield, Siberian wheatgrass accession k-52440 (28.4 g/m2), wild crested wheatgrass k-51330 (25.2 g/m2) and k-52380 (19.4 g/m2), and Kerch wheatgrass k-48705 (17.3 g/m2). Nutrients and energy in the tested accessions were assessed

Results of studying wheatgrass (<i>Agropyron</i> Gaertn.) accessions from the VIR global genetic resources collection in Yakutia

With the globally changing climate, researchers seek to use plants adapted to extreme environments in breeding and genetic programs. As a forage crop, the wheatgrass from the genus Agropyron Gaertn. is most suitable for such purposes.The area of temperature distribution for wheatgrass lies in the range from + 42 (arid zone) to – 60°C (Verkhoyansk). The use of different wheatgrass species as a crop for arid conditions is quite profoundly studied in the USA, Canada, Russia, and Kazakhstan. Genetic and breeding studies are underway in different countries. In Yakutia, with its extremely continental climate, wheatgrass has not yet been introduced as a crop, although it could play an important role in establishing a sustainable fodder reserve.The aim of the work was to study and select promising breeding source material, identifying germplasm with the best agronomic traits. As a result of a two-year study of 19 accessions of different wheatgrass species from the collection of VIR, undertaken in 2018 and 2019 in the collection nursery in Central Yakutia, plant forms were selected that exceeded the average green biomass yield for two cuts: k-52382 (wild crested wheatgrass, Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan) by 43%, and k-48705 (wild-growing Kerch wheatgrass) by 40%. Besides, wild wheatgrass accession k-52382 was identified for its dry matter yield (40.2% higher than the average) and for the total green and dry matter yield for the two cuts (212.7 g/plant).Accessions k-52440 (wild Siberian wheatgrass, Stavropol Territory) and k-51330 (crested wheatgrass, Chelyabinsk Province) were selected for their high seed yield (43.5 g/m² and 41.7 g/m², respectively). The content of crude and digestible protein was the highest in k-50857 (crested wheatgrass cv. ‘Ephraim’, USA) and k-50858 (Siberian wheatgrass cv. ‘Vavilov II’, USA): 14.6% and 99 g/kg of feed, and 14.2% and 96 g/kg of feed, respectively. Winter hardiness of 12 accessions turned out to be 100%, with 80% in another 7 accessions

Yakut and Dolgan Epics about Heroes with a Horse Origin: Commonality and Differences

The results of a comparative analysis of the texts of the Yakut and Dolgan epics about lone heroes with a horse origin are presented. The relevance of the study is due to the inadequacy of the study of two related epics in a comparative aspect in order to identify commonality and originality in them. Particular attention is paid to comparing the themes, the imagery system and the plot-compositional structure of epics. A detailed analysis of plot components and epic motifs is given. As a result of the study, similarities were found in the development of the main storyline, the similarity of the main motifs, the similarity of the images of the heroes in their purpose, physical abilities and character is also noted. The discrepancy in the plot-compositional structure of epics - the presence of an additional link in the development of the plot in the Yakut olonkho is considered. The motifs of nominating a hero, consigning a horse, going on a military campaign and a wonderful marriage are highlighted. It is suggested that the epic about a hero with a horse origin, having its origins in the ancient Yakut myth of the ancestor horse, originally existed in the central region of Yakutia, and then became widespread among the northern population, including the Dolgan people

SOCIAL INTERACTION OF LARGE BUSINESSES AS A SECURITY CONDITION OF ITS OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTHERN REGION

Purpose: The aim of the research is to identify social interaction of large businesses as a security condition of its operation and development in the northern region. Methodology: This is descriptive-analytic research whose data are obtained through library studies and analytical resources. Data analysis is based on content analysis and analytical comparison. Result: Results showed that to improve the safety of large businesses in the Northern region continuous socially-oriented activities aimed at improving the quality of life of the population of the region of presence with the support of various social initiatives in the region of presence are required. Applications: This research can be used for businessmen and developers. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of social interaction of large businesses is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Characterization of a panel of six β2-adrenergic receptor antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The β₂-adrenergic receptor (β₂AR) is a primary target for medications used to treat asthma. Due to the low abundance of β₂AR, very few studies have reported its localization in tissues. However, the intracellular location of β₂AR in lung tissue, especially in airway smooth muscle cells, is very likely to have a significant impact on how the airways respond to β-agonist medications. Thus, a method for visualizing β₂AR in tissues would be of utility. The purpose of this study was to develop an immunofluorescent labeling technique for localizing native and recombinant β₂AR in primary cell cultures.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A panel of six different antibodies were evaluated in indirect immunofluorescence assays for their ability to recognize human and rat β₂AR expressed in HEK 293 cells. Antibodies capable of recognizing rat β₂AR were identified and used to localize native β₂AR in primary cultures of rat airway smooth muscle and epithelial cells. β₂AR expression was confirmed by performing ligand binding assays using the β-adrenergic antagonist [3H] dihydroalprenolol ^([3H]DHA).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among the six antibodies tested, we identified three of interest. An antibody developed against the C-terminal 15 amino acids of the human β₂AR (Ab-Bethyl) specifically recognized human but not rat β₂AR. An antibody developed against the C-terminal domain of the mouse β₂AR (Ab-sc570) specifically recognized rat but not human β₂AR. An antibody developed against 78 amino acids of the C-terminus of the human β₂AR (Ab-13989) was capable of recognizing both rat and human β₂ARs. In HEK 293 cells, the receptors were predominantly localized to the cell surface. By contrast, about half of the native rat β₂AR that we visualized in primary cultures of rat airway epithelial and smooth muscle cells using Ab-sc570 and Ab-13989 was found inside cells rather than on their surface.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Antibodies have been identified that recognize human β₂AR, rat β₂AR or both rat and human β₂AR. Interestingly, the pattern of expression in transfected cells expressing millions of receptors was dramatically different from that in primary cell cultures expressing only a few thousand native receptors. We anticipate that these antibodies will provide a valuable tool for evaluating the expression and trafficking of β₂AR in tissues.</p