6 research outputs found
The effect of wheat variety, fermentation and incorporation of ingredients on the texture profile, colour and sensory attributes of whole wheat bread
Whole grain flour is gaining an increase in demand for its nutritive and health promotion values in different food products for human consumption worldwide. Whole flour from wheat grain varieties (Gihundo, Kibatsi, Nyaruka and Reberaho), spent coffee grounds (SCG), juices of lemon fruit (L) and rosemary leaves (R), and dough fermentation were assessed for their impact on the texture profile, colour and sensory attributes of bread. Wheat grains (sampled from the stores of Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board, Kinigi, Rwanda) were conditioned to 15.5% moisture content and were wholly milled. The mixture of 200 g whole wheat flour, 4% spent coffee grounds, 1% juice of lemon fruit and 1% juice of rosemary leaves were fermented by using 2% instant dry yeast at 34 °C, 60% relative humidity (RH) for 60 min and at 39 °C, 85% RH for 120 min, separately. The dough was baked at 180 °C for 20 min. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance using SAS System. Treatment means were separated using Tukeyâs test and the least significant difference was accepted at p †0.05. The control bread was made for 60 min of fermentation without incorporation of SCG and LR. The control bread was harder than the bread containing SCG and SCG+LR with the same time of fermentation. The long fermentation and the inclusion of SCG and SCG+LR in doughs, caused the supplemented bread to have lower L*, a* and b* values than control bread. Low L*, a* and b* values indicate minimum darkness, redness and yellowness of bread. Aroma, taste and appearance of SCG+LR bread from doughs fermented for 120 min were the most liked. Whole wheat bread obtained satisfied consumersâ preferences. Therefore, the application of spent coffee grounds, juices of lemon fruit and rosemary leaves in bread making represents a good opportunity at low cost
Patient-reported wellbeing and clinical disease measures over time captured by multivariate trajectories of disease activity in individuals with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the UK: a multicentre prospective longitudinal study
Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous disease, the signs and symptoms of which can be
summarised with use of composite disease activity measures, including the clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity
Score (cJADAS). However, clusters of children and young people might experience different global patterns in their
signs and symptoms of disease, which might run in parallel or diverge over time. We aimed to identify such clusters in
the 3 years after a diagnosis of JIA. The identification of these clusters would allow for a greater understanding of
disease progression in JIA, including how physician-reported and patient-reported outcomes relate to each other over
the JIA disease course. /
Methods: In this multicentre prospective longitudinal study, we included children and young people recruited before
Jan 1, 2015, to the Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study (CAPS), a UK multicentre inception cohort. Participants
without a cJADAS score were excluded. To assess groups of children and young people with similar disease patterns in
active joint count, physicianâs global assessment, and patient or parental global evaluation, we used latent profile analysis
at initial presentation to paediatric rheumatology and multivariate group-based trajectory models for the following
3 years. Optimal models were selected on the basis of a combination of model fit, clinical plausibility, and model parsimony. /
Finding: Between Jan 1, 2001, and Dec 31, 2014, 1423 children and young people with JIA were recruited to CAPS,
239 of whom were excluded, resulting in a final study population of 1184 children and young people. We identified
five clusters at baseline and six trajectory groups using longitudinal follow-up data. Disease course was not well
predicted from clusters at baseline; however, in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, substantial proportions
of children and young people had high patient or parent global scores despite low or improving joint counts and
physician global scores. Participants in these groups were older, and a higher proportion of them had enthesitisrelated JIA and lower socioeconomic status, compared with those in other groups. /
Interpretation: Almost one in four children and young people with JIA in our study reported persistent, high patient
or parent global scores despite having low or improving active joint counts and physicianâs global scores. Distinct
patient subgroups defined by disease manifestation or trajectories of progression could help to better personalise
health-care services and treatment plans for individuals with JIA. /
Funding: Medical Research Council, Versus Arthritis, Great Ormond Street Hospital Childrenâs Charity, Oliviaâs Vision,
and National Institute for Health Researc