Using response action with Intelligent Intrusion detection and prevention System against web application malware

Findings: After evaluating the new system, a better result was generated in line with detection efficiency and the false alarm rate. This demonstrates the value of direct response action in an intrusion detection system

Hypocone Reduction and Carabelli’s Traits in Contemporary Jordanians and the Association between Carabelli’s Trait and the Dimensions of the Maxillary First Permanent Molar

The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of expression and bilateralism of two dental morphological traits in contemporary Jordanians: The hypocone reduction trait on the maxillary second permanent molar and Carabelli’s trait on maxillary permanent first and second molars. Furthermore, inter-trait correlation and the relationship of Carabelli’s traits with upper first molar dimensions were investigated. Three hundred subjects of school children at their 10th grade and of an average age of 15.5±0.4 years were involved. Alginate impressions for the maxillary arch were taken, dental casts were reproduced. The selected accurate casts were of 132 male- and 155 female-students. The frequencies of hypocone reduction trait on the maxillary second molar and Carabelli’s trait on the maxillary molars were examined. Buccolingual and mesiodistal diameters of the maxillary first molar were measured and recorded. Paired Sample t test and Nonparametric Correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Hypocone reduction trait on the maxillary second molar was found in 29.8 % of the examined students. Positive forms of Carabelli’s trait on first and second molars were observed in 65.0 % and 3.8 %, respectively. Nonparametric correlation analysis revealed positive association between Carabelli’s trait on first molar and hypocone reduction trait on the maxillary second molar. The presence of Carabelli’s trait on first molar was strongly associated with the increase of buccolingual, but not the mesiodistal, diameter. Bilateralism was found highly significant in the tested traits and both genders (p<0.001). This finding might be a sign of relatively low environmental stresses in the living Jordanian population and/or great ability of its individuals to buffer the adverse effects of such stresses

Multiple Lingual Cusps Trait on Mandibular Premolars and Hypoconulid Reduction Trait on Mandibular First Molar in Living Jordanian Population. Intra- and Inter-trait Interactions

The objective was to determine the expression and fluctuating asymmetry of two dental morphological traits in the living Jordanians: The lingual cusp number on the lower premolars (LP1 and LP2) and the hypoconulid (distal cusp) reduction on the lower first molar (LM1). In addition, both intra- trait and inter- trait interactions were analyzed. Three hundred school children (15.5± 0.4 years) were involved. Impressions for the mandibular dental arches were taken, and dental casts were reproduced. The above-mentioned traits were observed. Paired sample t test and nonparametric corre- lation analysis were used for data analysis. Three-cusped LP1 was found in 11.40 % of the examined students, while the two-cusped LP1 was found in 88.60%. In comparison, the Three-cusped LP2 was found in 61.40% while the two-cusped LP2 was found in 38.60% of the observed subjects. The frequencies of the 4-cusped and 5-cusped LM1 were found to be 8.65% and 91.35%, respectively. Nonparametric correlation analysis revealed positive and statistically significant asso- ciation between the expression of two lingual cusps on LP1 and on LP2 in both genders (p0.05). Bilateralism was highly significant in the tested traits in both genders (p<0.001).This finding might be a sign of relatively low environmental stresses experienced by the living Jordanians and/or great ability of its individuals to buffer the adverse effects of such stresses on dental development. This study is a useful addition to the ex- isting literature in that it examines a previously poorly characterized population and assists in placing the contemporary Jordanian population within the current framework of human population groups globally

Topographic and Clinical Characteristics of a Sample of Jordanian Students

Purpose: To screen for keratoconus (KC) and potential associated risk factors in a sample of medical students. Methods: This cross sectional study included 120 medical students studying at The University of Jordan. They were randomly selected from a total of 400 students. Participants responded by completing a self-administered questionnaire. Following initial clinical evaluation, corneal tomography images and indices were analyzed by an experienced ophthalmologist, after which the participants were classified into: normal, KC suspects and KC patients. Results: A total of 120 participants (mean age, 23.1 ±0.5 years) were included in this study, 70 (58.3%) were females and 50 (41.7%) were males. Two subjects had KC, demonstrating a prevalence of 1.7% while five (4.2%) participants showed at least two abnormal indices and were considered as KC suspects.Conclusion: the result of this study is similar to other studies conducted in the Middle East, which indicates a higher prevalence of KC than other western countries. Combined with the significantly impaired vision-related quality of life and the relatively young onset of disease, the burden of keratoconus represents a significant public health concern

Outcome of Penetrating Keratoplasty (PKP) and Redo PKP among Jordanian Population

Background: The success of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) is determined by the duration of graft survival, which is the time to graft failure. Our study aims to identify various indications of corneal graft among our Jordanian population, their success rate as well as spotting the light on cases of re-grafting. Methods: In this study, we analyzed data for patients who had PKP as well as re-do PKP in the period from January 2014 to June 2017. For each study eye, we identified pre-operative visual acuity as well as visual acuity at six months and one year. We also focused on the specific indication for PKP, the surgical procedure and graft clarity at one year post-op. On SPSS statistical analysis software, we used repeated measure ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and Fischer’s exact test to analyze our study’s variables.Results: We included a total of 230 patients in this study with a mean age of 34.22 (±19.32). They were 112 (48.7%) males and 118 (±51.3%) females. We found a significant difference in mean age and outcome (p< 0.001), as the mean age for patients with successful PKP was 31.55 (±16.55) compared to 44.1 (±25.1) for patients with failed PKP. the success rate for patients with KC as an indication was 96.7% compared to only 58.3% for other indications. We found that failure rate in redo surgeries was significantly higher than first time surgeries.Conclusion: Among the Jordanian population, we found that Keratoconus was the main indication for PKP in our population, where we also found that it was associated with the best prognosis

Hypocone Reduction and Carabelli’s Traits in Contemporary Jordanians and the Association between Carabelli’s Trait and the Dimensions of the Maxillary First Permanent Molar

The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of expression and bilateralism of two dental morphological traits in contemporary Jordanians: The hypocone reduction trait on the maxillary second permanent molar and Carabelli’s trait on maxillary permanent first and second molars. Furthermore, inter-trait correlation and the relationship of Carabelli’s traits with upper first molar dimensions were investigated. Three hundred subjects of school children at their 10th grade and of an average age of 15.5±0.4 years were involved. Alginate impressions for the maxillary arch were taken, dental casts were reproduced. The selected accurate casts were of 132 male- and 155 female-students. The frequencies of hypocone reduction trait on the maxillary second molar and Carabelli’s trait on the maxillary molars were examined. Buccolingual and mesiodistal diameters of the maxillary first molar were measured and recorded. Paired Sample t test and Nonparametric Correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Hypocone reduction trait on the maxillary second molar was found in 29.8 % of the examined students. Positive forms of Carabelli’s trait on first and second molars were observed in 65.0 % and 3.8 %, respectively. Nonparametric correlation analysis revealed positive association between Carabelli’s trait on first molar and hypocone reduction trait on the maxillary second molar. The presence of Carabelli’s trait on first molar was strongly associated with the increase of buccolingual, but not the mesiodistal, diameter. Bilateralism was found highly significant in the tested traits and both genders (p<0.001). This finding might be a sign of relatively low environmental stresses in the living Jordanian population and/or great ability of its individuals to buffer the adverse effects of such stresses

Narghile (water pipe) smoking among university students in Jordan: prevalence, pattern and beliefs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background and objectives</p> <p>Narghile is becoming the favorite form of tobacco use by youth globally. This problem has received more attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and pattern of narghile use among students in three public Jordanian universities; to assess their beliefs about narghile's adverse health consequences; and to evaluate their awareness of oral health and oral hygiene.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study was a cross-sectional survey of university students. A self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was distributed randomly to university students in three public Jordanian universities during December, 2008. The questionnaire was designed to ask specific questions that are related to smoking in general, and to narghile smoking in specific. There were also questions about oral health awareness and oral hygiene practices.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>36.8% of the surveyed sample indicated they were smokers comprising 61.9% of the male students and 10.7% of the female students in the study sample. Cigarettes and narghile were the preferred smoking methods among male students (42%). On the other hand, female students preferred narghile only (53%). Parental smoking status but not their educational level was associated with the students smoking status. Smokers had also significantly poor dental attendance and poor oral hygiene habits.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study confirmed the spreading narghile epidemic among young people in Jordan like the neighboring countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region. Alarming signs were the poor oral health awareness among students particularly smokers.</p

The effect of all-ceramic and porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations on marginal peri-implant soft tissue color: a randomized controlled clinical trial

The aim of this study was to test the color-change effect of all-ceramic restorations compared with porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) restorations on marginal peri-implant soft tissue. Thirty patients were randomly divided into 2 groups of 15 subjects each. The all-ceramic group received all-ceramic crowns on aluminum oxide-based abutments, while the PFM group received crowns on titanium or gold abutments. A reflectance spectrophotometer was used to measure the color difference (deltaE(Implant)) between the midfacial peri-implant mucosa before and after restoration insertion. The color difference (deltaE(Tooth-implant)) between the midfacial peri-implant mucosa and the gingival margin of the corresponding neighboring tooth was tested. The mucosal thickness was measured midfacially around the implant (MT(Implant)) and neighboring tooth (MT(Tooth)). deltaE(Implant) values were similar for the all-ceramic (7.4 +/- 2.7) and PFM groups (7.6 +/- 2.8). The all-ceramic group induced significantly less visible mucosal color change (3.4 +/- 1.4) compared to the PFM group (5.2 +/- 2.3). The MT(Implant) value of the all-ceramic group was 3.4 +/- 0.8 mm, while that of the PFM group was 2.9 +/- 0.9 mm, which was not significantly different. Significant differences were found when comparing MT(Implant) (3.1 +/- 0.9) and MT(Tooth) (1.2 +/- 0.3) values for test and control groups. All-ceramic restorations revealed a better color match to the neighboring teeth than PFM restorations