19 research outputs found
Influence of chlorinated water on the development of allergic diseases - an overview
Indoor swimming pools can be used all year round and serve for one of the most popular sport pursued for recreation
The positive effect of swimming arises in particular from the involvement of all the muscles of the body, decreasing
the burden on the joints, as well as functional improvement of both the lungs and heart. Chlorine is typically used to
disinfect swimming pool water and as a result the changes that take place lead to the formation of by-products, such as
monochloramines (NH2Cl), dichloramines (NH2Cl2) i trichloramines (NH2Cl3), trihalogenometans (THM) or haloacetic acid
(HAA). The highest concentration of these substances is just above the water surface and they may cause irritation of
skin, eyes and mucosa of the respiratory tract. The toxic effect of high chlorine concentration and its side-products on the
respiratory system is known, but the effect of low concentrations of these compounds is still not fully determined. Recent
studies suggest that development of allergic diseases among swimmers may be increased by epithelial disorders driven
by airway barrier dysfunction caused by chlorine irritation. Swimming in chlorinated water may be linked to symptoms of
bronchial hyperreactivity, asthma and rhinitis especially in children, elite swimmers and employees of indoor swimming
pools. Hypersensivity pneumonitis related to the use of swimming pools may manifest as a swimming pool or sauna user
lung, most commonly caused by water polluting pathogens. The article summarizes recent data concerning the influence
of chlorinated water on the development of allergic diseases
Influence of chlorinated water on the development of allergic diseases – An overview
Indoor swimming pools can be used all year round and serve for one of the most popular sport pursued for recreation. The positive effect of swimming arises in particular from the involvement of all the muscles of the body, decreasing the burden on the joints, as well as functional improvement of both the lungs and heart. Chlorine is typically used to disinfect swimming pool water and as a result the changes that take place lead to the formation of by-products, such as monochloramines (NH 2 Cl), dichloramines (NH 2 Cl 2 ) i trichloramines (NH 2 Cl 3 ), trihalogenometans (THM) or haloacetic acid (HAA). The highest concentration of these substances is just above the water surface and they may cause irritation of skin, eyes and mucosa of the respiratory tract. The toxic effect of high chlorine concentration and its side-products on the respiratory system is known, but the effect of low concentrations of these compounds is still not fully determined. Recent studies suggest that development of allergic diseases among swimmers may be increased by epithelial disorders driven by airway barrier dysfunction caused by chlorine irritation. Swimming in chlorinated water may be linked to symptoms of bronchial hyperreactivity, asthma and rhinitis especially in children, elite swimmers and employees of indoor swimming pools. Hypersensivity pneumonitis related to the use of swimming pools may manifest as a swimming pool or sauna user lung, most commonly caused by water polluting pathogens. The article summarizes recent data concerning the influence of chlorinated water on the development of allergic diseases
Evaluation of zinc and copper concentrations and the total antioxidant capacity of blood plasma in patients with malabsorption syndrome
Disturbance of the antioxidative-oxidative balance is a predisposing factor in the development of
a variety of diseases. Microelements, including zinc and copper, are components of active enzyme
regions participating in anti-oxidative systems. Patients with malabsorption syndrome may
suffer from diseases related to the chronic deficiency of micro- and macroelements and vitamins,
but also experience health problems due to an impaired antioxidative plasma defence, i.e. illnesses
caused by oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to assess zinc and copper concentrations
as well as the total antioxidant capacity of blood plasma in 33 patients hospitalized in the
Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic Diseases and Dietetics, presenting symptoms of
intestinal malabsorption such as weight loss, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Blood donors made
up the control group. Statistically significantly lower concentrations of zinc and copper were found
in the study group as compared to the control group for women and men together as well
as for women and for men separately (p < 0.05). A significantly lower FRAP (Ferric Reducing
Ability of Plasma) value as a measure of blood plasma the total antioxidative capacity was found
in the study group of men in comparison with men from the control group (p < 0.05). Patients
showed deficiencies of the two microelements despite normal values of BMI (Body Mass Index)
and laboratory parameters such as haemoglobin, protein, albumin and iron concentrations. Regardless
of the nutritional state assessment, patients with malabsorption syndrome should receive
adequate supplementation of vitamins and microelements
Evaluation of zinc and copper concentrations and the total antioxidant capacity of blood plasma in patients with malabsorption syndrome
Disturbance of the antioxidative-oxidative balance is a predisposing factor in the development of
a variety of diseases. Microelements, including zinc and copper, are components of active enzyme
regions participating in anti-oxidative systems. Patients with malabsorption syndrome may
suffer from diseases related to the chronic deficiency of micro- and macroelements and vitamins,
but also experience health problems due to an impaired antioxidative plasma defence, i.e. illnesses
caused by oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to assess zinc and copper concentrations
as well as the total antioxidant capacity of blood plasma in 33 patients hospitalized in the
Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic Diseases and Dietetics, presenting symptoms of
intestinal malabsorption such as weight loss, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Blood donors made
up the control group. Statistically significantly lower concentrations of zinc and copper were found
in the study group as compared to the control group for women and men together as well
as for women and for men separately (p < 0.05). A significantly lower FRAP (Ferric Reducing
Ability of Plasma) value as a measure of blood plasma the total antioxidative capacity was found
in the study group of men in comparison with men from the control group (p < 0.05). Patients
showed deficiencies of the two microelements despite normal values of BMI (Body Mass Index)
and laboratory parameters such as haemoglobin, protein, albumin and iron concentrations. Regardless
of the nutritional state assessment, patients with malabsorption syndrome should receive
adequate supplementation of vitamins and microelements
Etiopatogeneza chorób alergicznych
Allergic diseases are the most common chronic diseases, particularly widely spread among children, adolescents and young adults. The problem is that there is an increasing incidence of allergic diseases. The causes of such a sudden increase of incidence rate are not well known. Complex interactions of environmental factors seem to play their role in the phenomenon. These include: change in the dietary and hygienic habits, progressing industrialization and increased use of numerous chemical agents. It was shown that inhabitants of highly industrialised nations, as compared to those from the developing countries, suffer from allergic diseases more frequently (most often in USA, Australia, Great Britain, Ireland and New Zealand, least frequently in Eastern Europe, Russia, China, India and Ethiopia), inhabitants of cities rather than those of rural areas, children who have no siblings rather than those from large families [1]. Knowledge of the factors that cause or influence the course of allergy is significant as it can help prevent and properly treat this disorder. It seems especially vital as in some patients allergy can manifest itself in the form of severe anaphylactic reactions, including an anaphylactic shock burdened with high risk of death.Choroby alergiczne są jednymi z najczęściej występujących schorzeń przewlekłych, szczególnie rozpowszechnione wśród dzieci, młodzieży i młodych dorosłych. Problem stanowi fakt, że częstość występowania tych chorób stale wzrasta. Przyczyny tak gwałtownego wzrostu zachorowań nie są do końca poznane. Podkreślana jest rola złożonych interakcji czynników środowiskowych takich jak: zmiana nawyków żywieniowych i higienicznych, postępujące uprzemysłowienie i wzrost stosowania wszelakich środków chemicznych. Wykazano, że na schorzenia alergiczne częściej chorują mieszkańcy krajów wysoko uprzemysłowionych niż krajów rozwijających się (najczęściej w USA, Australii, Wielkiej Brytanii, Irlandii i Nowej Zelandii, najrzadziej w Europie Wschodniej, Rosji, Chinach i Indiach i Etiopii), mieszkańcy miast niż wsi, dzieci nieposiadające rodzeństwa niż dzieci z licznych rodzin [1]. Znajomość czynników, które wywołują lub wpływają na przebieg alergii jest bardzo ważna, aby móc zapobiegać i odpowiednio leczyć te schorzenia . Tym bardziej, że u części pacjentów alergia może objawiać się ciężkimi reakcjami anafilaktycznymi, w tym wstrząsem anafilaktycznym obarczonym wysokim ryzykiem zgonu