Statistical Timing for Parametric Yield Prediction of Digital Integrated Circuits

Uncertainty in circuit performance due to manufacturing and environmental variations is increasing with each new generation of technology. It is therefore important to predict the performance of a chip as a probabilistic quantity. This paper proposes three novel algorithms for statistical timing analysis and parametric yield prediction of digital integrated circuits. The methods have been implemented in the context of the -42660 static timing analyzer. Numerical results are presented to study the strengths and weaknesses of these complementary approaches. Across-the-chip variability continues to be accommodated by 39516 's "Linear Combination of Delay (LCD)" mode. Timing analysis results in the face of statistical temperature and V dd variations are presented on an industrial ASIC part on which a bounded timing methodology leads to surprisingly wrong results

Reading Street Names from Maps - Technical Challenges

An unsolved problem in automated map conversion is the recognition of street lines and their associated names. This paper describes our efforts to overcome the challenges by this endeavor. The goal of this research is to develop the techniques for conversion, evaluate their effectiveness and estimate the cost of conversion. Since any completely automated approach is unlikely to be perfect, interactive error correction is integrated into automated conversion and all operator corrections are logged. This log will be used in adaptation of system parameters for automated processing and in developing a model for the cost of conversion. Our emphasis is not on the conversion of a single map, but on a batch of maps of the same type. 1 Introduction A surprisingly difficult problem in converting urban and semi-urban maps to computer readable format is identifying street lines and associating them with street names. Providing this information in digital form simplifies updates, distribution and ..

A Prototype For Adaptive Association Of Street Names With Streets On Maps

es that facilitate the batch conversion of maps of the same type. While the conversion of the first map in the batch may require significant operator intervention, subsequent maps will benefit from adaptive techniques based on the graphic and typesetting consistency within the batch. We build on considerable previous work. Vectorization under document-specific constraints and "beautification" are discussed in [1, 2, 3, 4], street-line and street-name extraction in [5, 6], and the separation of text and line art in [7, 8]. Excellent overviews of model-based map interpretation can be found in two recent dissertations [9, 10]. We also believe that over the last two decades much cartographic and image processing expertise has been built into our principal software tool, ARC/INFO [11]. The data flow through the conversion process is illustrated in Figure 1. The registration of the map to geodesic coordinates is required only for evaluation against the reference data. Color separation is cu