The Experiment Road to the Heavier Quarks and Other Heavy Objects

After a brief history of heavy quarks, I will discuss charm, bottom, and top quarks in turn. For each one, I discuss its first observation, and then what we have learned about production, hadronization, and decays - and what these have taught us about the underlying physics. I will also point out remaining open issues. For this series of lectures, the charm quark will be emphasized. It is the first of the heavy quarks, and its study is where many of the techniques and issues first appeared. Only very brief mention is made of CP violation in the bottom-quark system since that topic is the subject of a separate series of lectures by Gabriel Lopez. As the three quarks are reviewed, a pattern of techniques and lessons emerges. These are identified, and then briefly considered in the context of anticipated physics signals of the future; e.g., for Higgs and SUSY particles.Comment: From three lectures at the "IX Escuela de Particulas y Campos" in Metepec, Mexico - August, 2000. 30 pages, 5 figures Revised version with spelling/grammar corrections and clearer figur

Building Knowledge Stocks: The Role of State Higher-Education Policies

A variety of studies provide evidence that the stock of college-educated labor has fundamental effects on state and local economies through its association with wages, economic growth, personal incomes, and tax revenues. As a result, policymakers in many states try to increase the percentage of the state’s population (or workforce) that has a college degree through the use of various higher-education policies that have the potential to influence the supply side of the labor market. This paper reviews evidence on the effectiveness of these policies in achieving that goal. I discuss several types of policies related to the finance and production of undergraduate education within a state, including expansions in degree production and scholarships to encourage attendance at in-state colleges. The evidence suggests that these policies can affect the stock of college-educated labor within a state, but that effect is limited by the mobility of college graduates across state boundaries. I also discuss location-contingent financial aid, adjustments to the composition of enrollment by residency or by field of study, and internships with state-based employers. More research is needed to identify the causal effects of these policies on the behavior of students and to sort out the responses by students and institutions to changes in state policies

Future Hadron Physics at Fermilab

Today, hadron physics research occurs at Fermilab as parts of broader experimental programs. This is very likely to be the case in the future. Thus, much of this presentation focuses on our vision of that future - a future aimed at making Fermilab the host laboratory for the International Linear Collider (ILC). Given the uncertainties associated with the ILC - the level of needed R&D, the ILC costs, and the timing - Fermilab is also preparing for other program choices. I will describe these latter efforts, efforts focused on a Proton Driver to increase the numbers of protons available for experiments. As examples of the hadron physics which will be coming from Fermilab, I summarize three experiments: MIPP/E907 which is running currently, and MINER A and Drell-Yan/E906 which are scheduled for future running periods. Hadron physics coming from the Tevatron Collider program will be summarized by Arthur Maciel in another talk at Hadron05.Comment: To be published in the Proceedings of the XI International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (Alberto Reis, editor) in the AIP Conference Proceedings series, 10 page