10,735 research outputs found
Quantum Solution of Coordination Problems
We present a quantum solution to coordination problems that can be
implemented with present technologies. It provides an alternative to existing
approaches, which rely on explicit communication, prior commitment or trusted
third parties. This quantum mechanism applies to a variety of scenarios for
which existing approaches are not feasible
Measurements of positive ions and air-earth current density at Maitri, Antarctica
Simultaneous measurements of the small-, intermediate- and large- positive
ions and air earth current density made at a coastal station, Maitri at
Antarctica during January to February 2005, are reported. Although, small and
large positive ion concentrations do not show any systematic diurnal
variations, variations in them are almost similar to each other. On the other
hand, variations in intermediate positive ion concentrations are independent of
variations in the small/large positive ions and exhibit a diurnal variation
which is similar to that in atmospheric temperature on fair weather days with a
maximum during the day and minimum during the night hours. No such diurnal
variation in intermediate positive ion concentration is observed on cloudy days
when variations in them are also similar to those insmall/large positive ion
concentrations. Magnitude of diurnal variation in intermediate positive ion
concentration on fair weather days increases with the lowering of atmospheric
temperature in this season. Scavenging of ions by snowfall and trapping of Alha
- rays from the ground radioactivity by a thin layer of snow on ground, is
demonstrated from observations. Variations in intermediate positive ion
concentration are explained on the basis of the formation of new particles by
the photolytic nucleation process.Comment: 38 pages, 11 figure and 2 tabl
Efficiencies of Quantum Optical Detectors
We propose a definition for the efficiency that can be universally applied to
all classes of quantum optical detectors. This definition is based on the
maximum amount of optical loss that a physically plausible device can
experience while still replicating the properties of a given detector. We prove
that detector efficiency cannot be increased using linear optical processing.
That is, given a set of detectors, as well as arbitrary linear optical elements
and ancillary light sources, it is impossible to construct detection devices
that would exhibit higher efficiencies than the initial set.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Training and Turnover in Organizations
We present a two-level model of organizational training and agent production.
Managers decide whether or not to train based on both the costs of training
compared to the benefits and on their expectations and observations of the
number of other firms that also train. Managers also take into account the sum
of their employees' contributions and the average tenure length within their
organization. Employees decide whether or not to contribute to production based
on their expectations as to how other employees will act. Trained workers learn
over time and fold their increased productivity into their decision whether or
not to contribute. We find that the dynamical behavior at the two levels is
closely coupled: the evolution of the industry over time depends not only on
the characteristics of training programs, learning curves, and cost-benefit
analyses, but on the vagaries of chance as well. For example, in one case, the
double dilemma can be resolved for the industry as a whole and productivity
then increases steadily over time. In another, the organizational level dilemma
may remain unresolved and workers may contribute at fluctuating levels. In this
case the overall productivity stays low. We also find a correlation between
high productivity and low turnover and show that a small increase in training
rates can lead to explosive growth in productivity.Comment: 9 pages. Also available through anonymous ftp from parcftp.xerox.com
in the directory pub/dynamics as training.p
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