56 research outputs found
Le rÎle de la femme dans le développement local et la préservation des ressources forestiÚres - Cas de la commune de Sehoul au Maroc
Cet article analyse lâinteraction entre les femmes rurales et les ressources naturelles Ă travers lâutilisation des outils de lâapproche « genre » et de lâapproche participative dans six terroirs reprĂ©sentant une commune rurale forestiĂšre, Sehoul, situĂ©e dans la province de SalĂ© au Maroc. Les femmes rurales sont amenĂ©es Ă surexploiter les ressources forestiĂšres existantes pour satisfaire leurs besoins essentiels et amĂ©liorer leurs conditions de vie. La majoritĂ© des mĂ©nages de la commune pratiquent un Ă©levage extensif trĂšs dĂ©pendant de la forĂȘt, et consomment une importante quantitĂ© de combustible ligneux dont le ramassage revient aux femmes et aux jeunes enfants non scolarisĂ©s (filles et garçons). Lâanalyse du calendrier saisonnier montre quâil y a une surcharge des activitĂ©s fĂ©minines, liĂ©es aussi bien Ă la production agricole quâaux tĂąches familiales, durant toute lâannĂ©e. En effet, la femme et la fille remplissent plusieurs travaux domestiques qui mobilisent beaucoup de temps et dâĂ©nergie et elles ne sont malheureusement ni rĂ©munĂ©rĂ©es ni valorisĂ©es dans le processus de dĂ©veloppement local. Cette situation oblige la femme rurale Ă satisfaire ses besoins aux dĂ©pens des ressources forestiĂšres
LâAmĂ©lioration de la SĂ©curitĂ© du Chiffrement AlgĂ©brique Modulaire par les GĂ©nĂ©rateurs de Fibonacci
Le Chiffre de Hill est l'un des algorithmes Ă clĂ©s symĂ©triques qui a montrĂ© des avantages pour le cryptage de donnĂ©es. Cependant l'algorithme original est vulnĂ©rable aux «Attaque Ă Texte Clair Choisi». Un autre revers pour le Cryptage des images est quâil rĂ©vĂšle certaines tendances et ne cache pas toutes les caractĂ©ristiques de l'image (images avec des fonds homogĂšnes). Pour surmonter ces problĂšmes, dans cet article, nous proposons une modification de lâalgorithme de Hill en incluant une translation et en introduisant Ă chaque Ă©tape du processus du Cryptage des clĂ©s dynamiques Pseudo-AlĂ©atoirement. La partie expĂ©rimentale de cet article prouve que la variante proposĂ©e donne un meilleur cryptage pour tous types d'images et montre bien une amĂ©lioration par rapport Ă lâalgorithme conventionnel
Etude comparative de deux cryptosystĂšmes: LâAES versus lâattracteur Chaotique
Le transfert croissant de donnĂ©es multimĂ©dias engendre des besoins en termes de sĂ©curitĂ© dâinformations. Pour rĂ©pondre aux normes de confidentialitĂ©, plusieurs algorithmes de cryptage ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©s ces derniĂšres annĂ©es. En raison de lâutilisation massive des donnĂ©es images dans divers domaines (mĂ©dicale, industrielle, âŠ), il est nĂ©cessaire dâutiliser et dâadapter ces techniques de sĂ©curitĂ© Ă ce type de donnĂ©es. Dans ce contexte, une Ă©tude comparative de deux algorithmes de cryptage appliquĂ©s aux images est rĂ©alisĂ©e. Le premier est le cryptosystĂšme classique dit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) et le deuxiĂšme issu des signaux chaotiques basĂ©s sur une carte logistique afin dâĂ©valuer leurs robustesse en termes de sĂ©curitĂ©
Asymptotic expansions of the solutions of the Cauchy problem for nonlinear parabolic equations
Let be a solution of the Cauchy problem for the nonlinear parabolic
equation and
assume that the solution behaves like the Gauss kernel as . In
this paper, under suitable assumptions of the reaction term and the initial
function , we establish the method of obtaining higher order
asymptotic expansions of the solution as . This paper is a
generalization of our previous paper, and our arguments are applicable to the
large class of nonlinear parabolic equations
Activité antifongique in vitro du phoséthyl-Al sur quelques souches de Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold
La fongitoxicité du phosphonate, métabolite actif du phoséthyl-Al est modulée par la composition des milieux de culture. Sur le Cristomalt (milieu naturel) la toxicité du phosphonate vis-à -vis du Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold. fonne à microsclérotes. est beaucoup plus grande que sur le Ribeiro (milieu synthétique). L'addition du phosphate au milieu de culture abaisse l'efficacité du phosphonate. Ce sont toujours les souches de Verticillium pathogÚnes sur la tomate, qui sont les plus sensibles au phoséthyl-Al.In vitro antifungal activity of fosetyl-Al on several strains of Verticillium albo-alrum Reinloe & BertholdToxicity of phosphonate, the active breakdown product of the fosethyl-Al, is modulated by culture media composition. On the Cristomalt ( natural medium), phosphonate toxicity against Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold,-microsclerotial fonn, is higher than in synthetic media (Ribeiro). Phosphate is the main constituent of culture medium which modifies phosphonate fungitoxicity. Strains ofVerticillium, pathogenicon tomato, are al ways more sensitive" to fosethyl-Al
Self-similarity and long-time behavior of solutions of the diffusion equation with nonlinear absorption and a boundary source
This paper deals with the long-time behavior of solutions of nonlinear
reaction-diffusion equations describing formation of morphogen gradients, the
concentration fields of molecules acting as spatial regulators of cell
differentiation in developing tissues. For the considered class of models, we
establish existence of a new type of ultra-singular self-similar solutions.
These solutions arise as limits of the solutions of the initial value problem
with zero initial data and infinitely strong source at the boundary. We prove
existence and uniqueness of such solutions in the suitable weighted energy
spaces. Moreover, we prove that the obtained self-similar solutions are the
long-time limits of the solutions of the initial value problem with zero
initial data and a time-independent boundary source
Renormalizing Partial Differential Equations
In this review paper, we explain how to apply Renormalization Group ideas to
the analysis of the long-time asymptotics of solutions of partial differential
equations. We illustrate the method on several examples of nonlinear parabolic
equations. We discuss many applications, including the stability of profiles
and fronts in the Ginzburg-Landau equation, anomalous scaling laws in
reaction-diffusion equations, and the shape of a solution near a blow-up point.Comment: 34 pages, Latex; [email protected]; [email protected]
Isolated Boundary Singularities of Semilinear Elliptic Equations
Given a smooth domain \Omega\subset\RR^N such that
and given a nonnegative smooth function on , we study
the behavior near 0 of positive solutions of in such
that on . We prove that if
, then u(x)\leq C
\abs{x}^{-\frac{2}{q-1}} and we compute the limit of \abs{x}^{\frac{2}{q-1}}
u(x) as . We also investigate the case . The
proofs rely on the existence and uniqueness of solutions of related equations
on spherical domains
Bordetella Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Mobilizes Its ÎČ2 Integrin Receptor into Lipid Rafts to Accomplish Translocation across Target Cell Membrane in Two Steps
Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) binds the αMÎČ2 integrin (CD11b/CD18, Mac-1, or CR3) of myeloid phagocytes and delivers into their cytosol an adenylate cyclase (AC) enzyme that converts ATP into the key signaling molecule cAMP. We show that penetration of the AC domain across cell membrane proceeds in two steps. It starts by membrane insertion of a toxin âtranslocation intermediateâ, which can be âlockedâ in the membrane by the 3D1 antibody blocking AC domain translocation. Insertion of the âintermediateâ permeabilizes cells for influx of extracellular calcium ions and thus activates calpain-mediated cleavage of the talin tether. Recruitment of the integrin-CyaA complex into lipid rafts follows and the cholesterol-rich lipid environment promotes translocation of the AC domain across cell membrane. AC translocation into cells was inhibited upon raft disruption by cholesterol depletion, or when CyaA mobilization into rafts was blocked by inhibition of talin processing. Furthermore, CyaA mutants unable to mobilize calcium into cells failed to relocate into lipid rafts, and failed to translocate the AC domain across cell membrane, unless rescued by Ca2+ influx promoted in trans by ionomycin or another CyaA protein. Hence, by mobilizing calcium ions into phagocytes, the âtranslocation intermediateâ promotes toxin piggybacking on integrin into lipid rafts and enables AC enzyme delivery into host cytosol
- âŠ