On cartographic presentation of the results of research of cognitive maps

Autor omawia metody prezentacji kartograficznej, stosowane najczęściej do ilustracji wyników badania map poznawczych, tzn. poznawczych reprezentacji przestrzeni. W artykule zostały wyróżnione i opisane dwa nurty badań: strukturalny, wywodzący się z badań strukturyzacji przestrzeni K. Lyncha i ewaluatywny, wywodzący się z badań preferencji przestrzennych P. Goulda. Zostały także omówione najważniejsze problemy metodologiczne każdego z tych nurtów, związane z prezentacją kartograficzną wyników badań.Results of the research of cognitive maps require appropriate cartographic presentation. Cognitive maps are cognitive presentations of space, parts of long-term memory which during research are expressed e.g. in the form of distance estimation, localization assessment or sketch maps. Aggregated data from such research is presented in various graphic forms: diagrammatic or cartographic. The article presents two currents of research of cognitive maps: structural and evaluative. The first originates from K. Lynch's The image of the city (1960) and focuses on acquisition of the information which is vital for the researched group (through determining the frequency of particular elements on cognitive maps) and perception of mutual links of those elements (by analyzing the perception of distance and shape distortion). The second current comes from P. Gould's On mental maps (1966) and concentrates on the research of evaluation of space fragments by a certain group, mostly the users of the particular space. As examples of structural mapping the article presents Lynch maps created using the quantitative signatures method, maps of dispersed locations and maps of location errors. Evaluative mapping is represented by maps of area ranging done with the choropleth method, maps of preference areas done with isoline method and psychocartography maps. In the section devoted to methodology the author stresses how the characteristics of particular research methods affect the presentation of research results. Validity and reliability of measurement, the issue of spatial scale and the question of sampling are all discussed