Prevalence, Distribution, and Impact of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Latin America, China, and India: A 10/66 Population-Based Study

A set of cross-sectional surveys carried out in Cuba, Dominican Republic, Peru, Mexico, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, China, and India reveal the prevalence and between-country variation in mild cognitive impairment at a population level

Sleep Complaints in Older Blacks: Do Demographic and Health Indices Explain Poor Sleep Quality and Duration?

Objective: To examine the relationship between measures of sleep quality and the presence of commonly encountered comorbid and sociodemographic conditions in elderly Black subjects. Method: Analyses included participants from the Baltimore Study of Black Aging (BSBA; n = 450; mean age 71.43 years; SD 9.21). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) measured overall sleep pattern and quality. Self-reported and objective measures of physical and mental health data and demographic information were collected for all participants. Results: Sociodemographic and comorbid health factors were significantly associated with sleep quality. Results from regression analyses revealed that older age, current financial strain, interpersonal problems, and stress were unique predictors of worse sleep quality. Sleep duration was significantly correlated with age, depressive affect, interpersonal problems, and stress; only age was a unique significant predictor. While participants 62 years or younger had worse sleep quality with increasing levels of stress, there was no significant relationship between sleep quality and stress for participants 81 years and older. Conclusion: Several potential mechanisms may explain poor sleep in urban, community dwelling Blacks. Perceived stressors, including current financial hardship or hardship experienced for an extended time period throughout the lifespan, may influence sleep later in life

Sleep Disturbances among Older Adults in the United States, 2002–2012: Nationwide Inpatient Rates, Predictors, and Outcomes

Objective/Background: We examined the rates, predictors, and outcomes [mortality risk (MR), length of stay (LOS), and total charges (TC)] of sleep disturbances in older hospitalized patients. Patients/Methods: Using the U.S. Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (2002–2012), older patients (≥60 years) were selected and rates of insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and other sleep disturbances (OSD) were estimated using ICD-9CM. TC, adjusted for inflation, was of primary interest, while MR and LOS were secondary outcomes. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted. Results: Of 35,258,031 older adults, 263,865 (0.75%) had insomnia, 750,851 (2.13%) OSA and 21,814 (0.06%) OSD. Insomnia rates increased significantly (0.27% in 2002 to 1.29 in 2012, P-trend \u3c 0.001), with a similar trend observed for OSA (1.47 in 2006 to 5.01 in 2012, P-trend \u3c 0.001). TC (2012 $) for insomnia-related hospital admission increased over time from$22,250 in 2002 to $31,527 in 2012, and increased similarly for OSA and OSD; while LOS and MR both decreased. Women with any sleep disturbance had lower MR and TC than men, while Whites had consistently higher odds of insomnia, OSA, and OSD than older Blacks and Hispanics. Co-morbidities such as depression, cardiovascular risk factors, and neurological disorders steadily increased over time in patients with sleep disturbances. Conclusion: TC increased over time in patients with sleep disturbances while LOS and MR decreased. Further, research should focus on identifying the mechanisms that explain the association between increasing sleep disturbance rates and expenditures within hospital settings and the potential hospital expenditures of unrecognized sleep disturbances in the elderly

Sleep Disturbances among Older Adults in the United States, 2002–2012: Nationwide Inpatient Rates, Predictors, and Outcomes

Objective/Background: We examined the rates, predictors, and outcomes [mortality risk (MR), length of stay (LOS), and total charges (TC)] of sleep disturbances in older hospitalized patients. Patients/Methods: Using the U.S. Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (2002–2012), older patients (≥60 years) were selected and rates of insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and other sleep disturbances (OSD) were estimated using ICD-9CM. TC, adjusted for inflation, was of primary interest, while MR and LOS were secondary outcomes. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted. Results: Of 35,258,031 older adults, 263,865 (0.75%) had insomnia, 750,851 (2.13%) OSA and 21,814 (0.06%) OSD. Insomnia rates increased significantly (0.27% in 2002 to 1.29 in 2012, P-trend \u3c 0.001), with a similar trend observed for OSA (1.47 in 2006 to 5.01 in 2012, P-trend \u3c 0.001). TC (2012 $) for insomnia-related hospital admission increased over time from$22,250 in 2002 to $31,527 in 2012, and increased similarly for OSA and OSD; while LOS and MR both decreased. Women with any sleep disturbance had lower MR and TC than men, while Whites had consistently higher odds of insomnia, OSA, and OSD than older Blacks and Hispanics. Co-morbidities such as depression, cardiovascular risk factors, and neurological disorders steadily increased over time in patients with sleep disturbances. Conclusion: TC increased over time in patients with sleep disturbances while LOS and MR decreased. Further, research should focus on identifying the mechanisms that explain the association between increasing sleep disturbance rates and expenditures within hospital settings and the potential hospital expenditures of unrecognized sleep disturbances in the elderly

Personality AND Self-reported and Actigraphy-measured Sleep Health in Adulthood

Personality may be associated with sleep health, however, the majority of existing studies rely on self-reported measures of sleep (often focusing on sleep duration). The purpose of this study is to examine the associations between Big Five personality traits and self-reported and actigraphy measured sleep. This study included 3928 participants and a subsample of 441 participants from the Midlife in the United States study. Linear regressions were used to analyze the relationships between personality traits and sleep. Neuroticism was associated with more frequent actigraphy-measured waking after sleep onset, and several self-reported measures of sleep quality, including shorter sleep duration, longer sleep latency, and a greater number of insomnia symptoms. Agreeableness was associated with shorter actigraphy-measured sleep duration and more self-reported insomnia symptoms. Our findings support an association between Neuroticism and poor sleep, and suggest that Agreeableness may be associated with worse sleep health

Personality AND Self-reported and Actigraphy-measured Sleep Health in Adulthood

Personality may be associated with sleep health, however, the majority of existing studies rely on self-reported measures of sleep (often focusing on sleep duration). The purpose of this study is to examine the associations between Big Five personality traits and self-reported and actigraphy measured sleep. This study included 3928 participants and a subsample of 441 participants from the Midlife in the United States study. Linear regressions were used to analyze the relationships between personality traits and sleep. Neuroticism was associated with more frequent actigraphy-measured waking after sleep onset, and several self-reported measures of sleep quality, including shorter sleep duration, longer sleep latency, and a greater number of insomnia symptoms. Agreeableness was associated with shorter actigraphy-measured sleep duration and more self-reported insomnia symptoms. Our findings support an association between Neuroticism and poor sleep, and suggest that Agreeableness may be associated with worse sleep health