242 research outputs found
Numerical Modeling of Pulse Wave Propagation in a Stenosed Artery using Two-Way Coupled Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI)
As the heart beats, it creates fluctuation in blood pressure leading to a
pulse wave that propagates by displacing the arterial wall. These waves travel
through the arterial tree and carry information about the medium that they
propagate through as well as information of the geometry of the arterial tree.
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic tool to
study the functioning of cardiovascular system. A stenosis in an artery can
dampen the pulse wave leading to changes in the propagating pulse. Hence, PWV
analysis can be performed to detect a stenosed region in arteries. This paper
presents a numerical study of pulse wave propagation in a stenosed artery by
means of two-way coupled fluid structure interaction (FSI). The computational
model was validated by the comparison of the simulated PWV results with
theoretical values for a healthy artery. Propagation of the pulse waves in the
stenosed artery was compared with healthy case using spatiotemporal maps of
wall displacements. The analysis for PWV showed significance differences
between the healthy and stenosed arteries including damping of propagating
waves and generation of high wall displacements downstream the stenosis caused
by flow instabilities. This approach can be used to develop patient-specific
models that are capable of predicting PWV signatures associated with stenosis
changes. The knowledge gained from these models may increase utility of this
approach for managing patients at risk of stenosis occurrence
A varactor tuned branch-line hybrid coupler
This paper introduces a novel branch-line 90° hybrid coupler incorporating varactor diodes which allow tuning of the frequency response. A design covering the DCS, PCS and IMT2000 cellular frequency bands (1710-2170 MHz) is presented. Given a varactor tunability of 2.5:1, simulations suggest 20 dB return loss and 3±1 dB coupling is achievable across each transmit and receive sub-band by tuning the varactors. These results offer an improvement over a conventional single-section branch-line hybrid centred at 1950 MHz, and some miniaturisation is also achieved due to the capacitive loading. A prototype is constructed using commercially available varactor diodes, and reasonable agreement between the measured and simulated results is achieved
Electronically tunable lumped element 90° hybrid coupler
A method for tuning the centre frequency of a 3 dB hybrid coupler using varactor diodes is presented. The circuit is suitable for recon-figurable or multifunction transceivers that switch between several narrow frequency bands. A prototype covering the PCS, DCS and IMT2000 cellular bands (1710-2170 MHz) is demonstrated
The effect of spin-orbit interaction on entanglement of two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ systems in an inhomogeneous magnetic field
The role of spin-orbit interaction on the ground state and thermal
entanglement of a Heisenberg XYZ two-qubit system in the presence of an
inhomogeneous magnetic field is investigated. For a certain value of spin-orbit
parameter , the ground state entanglement tends to vanish suddenly and when
crosses its critical value , the entanglement undergoes a revival. The
maximum value of the entanglement occurs in the revival region. In finite
temperatures there are revival regions in plane. In these regions,
entanglement first increases with increasing temperature and then decreases and
ultimately vanishes for temperatures above a critical value. This critical
temperature is an increasing function of , thus the nonzero entanglement can
exist for larger temperatures. In addition, the amount of entanglement in the
revival region depends on the spin-orbit parameter. Also, the entanglement
teleportation via the quantum channel constructed by the above system is
investigated and finally the influence of the spin-orbit interaction on the
fidelity of teleportation and entanglement of replica state is studied.Comment: Two columns, 9 pages, 8 Fig
Two dimensional fractional supersymmetric conformal field theories and the two point functions
A general two dimensional fractional supersymmetric conformal field theory is
investigated. The structure of the symmetries of the theory is studied. Then,
applying the generators of the closed subalgebra generated by and , the two point
functions of the component fields of supermultiplets are calculated.Comment: 12 pages, latex, no figure
Barium strontium titanate thin films on r-plane sapphire
This paper presents the microwave properties of barium strontium titanate (BST) thin films on r-plane sapphire substrates. A series of films with thickness 25-400 nm was prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Microwave properties of the films, including capacitance tunability and loss tangent, were extracted by patterning interdigitated capacitors (IDCs) on the film surface. The highest tunability of 64% was observed in the 200 nm film. These results demonstrate the possibility of integrating BST into the silicon on sapphire process
Criterion for purely elastic Taylor-Couette instability in the flows of shear-banding fluids
In the past twenty years, shear-banding flows have been probed by various
techniques, such as rheometry, velocimetry and flow birefringence. In micellar
solutions, many of the data collected exhibit unexplained spatio-temporal
fluctuations. Recently, it has been suggested that those fluctuations originate
from a purely elastic instability of the flow. In cylindrical Couette geometry,
the instability is reminiscent of the Taylor-like instability observed in
viscoelastic polymer solutions. In this letter, we describe how the criterion
for purely elastic Taylor-Couette instability should be adapted to
shear-banding flows. We derive three categories of shear-banding flows with
curved streamlines, depending on their stability.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Potential "ways of thinking" about the shear-banding phenomenon
Shear-banding is a curious but ubiquitous phenomenon occurring in soft
matter. The phenomenological similarities between the shear-banding transition
and phase transitions has pushed some researchers to adopt a 'thermodynamical'
approach, in opposition to the more classical 'mechanical' approach to fluid
flows. In this heuristic review, we describe why the apparent dichotomy between
those approaches has slowly faded away over the years. To support our
discussion, we give an overview of different interpretations of a single
equation, the diffusive Johnson-Segalman (dJS) equation, in the context of
shear-banding. We restrict ourselves to dJS, but we show that the equation can
be written in various equivalent forms usually associated with opposite
approaches. We first review briefly the origin of the dJS model and its initial
rheological interpretation in the context of shear-banding. Then we describe
the analogy between dJS and reaction-diffusion equations. In the case of
anisotropic diffusion, we show how the dJS governing equations for steady shear
flow are analogous to the equations of the dynamics of a particle in a quartic
potential. Going beyond the existing literature, we then draw on the Lagrangian
formalism to describe how the boundary conditions can have a key impact on the
banding state. Finally, we reinterpret the dJS equation again and we show that
a rigorous effective free energy can be constructed, in the spirit of early
thermodynamic interpretations or in terms of more recent approaches exploiting
the language of irreversible thermodynamics.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, tutorial revie
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