The Qualitative Assessment of Two Translated Dutch Spirituality Scales for Children

Purpose: This article describes the translation and qualitative assessment and small scale validation of two spir-ituality scales designed for children from English to Dutch and includes the translation and validation process and the results of the two most commonly used and best validated measurement instruments for spirituality in chil-dren: the Feeling Good, Living Life scale (FGLL) by Fisher (2004, 2009) and the Spirituality Sensitivity Scale for Children by Stoyles et al. (2012). Design and methods: The translation process was designed according to Beaton et al. (2000) and both the trans-lation and the validation process followed the instructions of the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN, 2018). The qualitative validation was done by a three-step test-interview eliciting the face validity of both questionnaires. Results and conclusions: The results show that both instruments were reliably translated, are face valid with some minor alterations and structurally validated overall in the small-scale pilot. Practice implications: More attention from healthcare professionals and educators should be directed at using spiritual measuring instrument to develop the spiritual vocabulary of children. A larger study is needed to also confirm the cultural validity of the translated scales. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

The Spirituality of Children with Chronic Conditions:A Qualitative Meta-synthesis

Problem: For an increasing group of children with chronic conditions worldwide, there is growing evidence that spiritual care fromhealthcare professionals is important to help themcope with illness and disability. As there is yet little known of which needs should be addressed with this pediatric spiritual care, this synthesis of the literature aims to clarify these needs. Eligibility criteria: all nursing, education and psychology peer-reviewed research studies, published in English between 2000 and 2017, focussing on spirituality or spiritual needs of children between 0 and 18 years old with a physical chronic condition, from their own perspectivewere eligible. Sample: Twenty articles of whichwere two reviews and eighteen single studies were included reporting on children between 0 and 21 years. Included chronic conditionswere type 1 diabetes mellitus, Duchene muscular dystrophy, HIV/aids, asthma, sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis and cancer. Results: Children's spirituality seemed to be shaped by a search for identity focusing on normalcy and expressed their beliefs mainly in their relationship with a supportive God, using mostly religious language. Relational aspects, contextual aspects and spiritual/religious coping can generate spiritual issues or needs which influence health and adjustment to livingwith chronic conditions. Conclusions: Spirituality is an integral aspect of life and child development, requiring spiritual care from healthcare professionals when children face a physical chronic condition. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved