Isolated Tuberculosis of Talus: A Case Report

Tuberculosis still remains a leading infection, causing death and disability worldwide. We report a patient with isolated tuberculosis of the talus bone. A 14 year old boy reported with an eight-month history of swelling and pain in his left ankle joint. Routine investigations indicated positive aetiology of tuberculous infection . Surgical curettage of the talus and, debridement were performed and a below knee POP cast was applied along with anti TB therapy. After 18 months postoperative , the patient was able to carry out his daily activities without pain .The ankle and foot are rarely affected and account for only 1% of all TB infections. Provisional diagnosis can be made through history and routine investigations but confirmation by the identification of the bacillus from the local lesion or by a histopathological examination of tissue. Talus tuberculosis should be considered in any long standing inflammatory pathology of the ankle

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Not AvailableIntroduction – ‘Kinnow’ has revolutionised the citrus industry of India. It is commercially grown on Jatti Khatti rootstock in the arid and semi-arid regions. The monopolised cultivation of ‘Kinnow’ on Jatti Khatti needs a substituted rootstock for diverse agro-ecological regions. Materials and methods – ‘Kinnow’ on seven rootstocks was evaluated to determine the effect of rootstocks on growth, yield, quality and physiological parameters. Results and discussion – Jatti Khatti and rough lemon induced vigorous tree growth, while the citranges induced dwarfness. Jatti Khatti, Rangpur lime and sour orange excelled in quality attributes. Karna Khatta and rough lemon maintained higher relative water content (RWC). Jatti Khatti enhanced the photosynthetic rate (A), while stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E) was higher on Jatti Khatti and rough lemon. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidise (POD), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were higher on rough lemon, whereas catalase (CAT) activity and proline accumulation were higher on sour orange. The study clearly indicated that rootstocks have the differential ability to impart significant influence on tree morphology, fruit quality and physiological activity. Conclusion – On the basis of plant vigour and yield, Jatti Khatti and rough lemon proved to be potential rootstocks for semi-arid region. Criteria such as enhanced photosynthetic rate, proline content, along with up-regulated antioxidant can be used as a reference for selecting appropriate rootstock representing different soil and climatic conditions.Not Availabl

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Not AvailablePlant's secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids etc. are known for their role in the defense against various insects-pests of plants and for medicinal benefits in human. Due to the immense biological importance of these phytochemicals, understanding the regulation of their biosynthetic pathway is crucial. In the recent past, advancement in the molecular technologies has enabled us to better understand the proteins, enzymes, genes, etc. involved in the biosynthetic pathway of the secondary metabolites. miRNAs are magical, tiny, non-coding ribonucleotides that function as critical regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes. Despite the accumulated knowledge of the miRNA-mediated regulation of several processes, the involvement of miRNAs in regulating secondary plant product biosynthesis is still poorly understood. Here, we summarize the recent progress made in the area of identification and characterizations of miRNAs involved in regulating the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plants and discuss the future perspectives for designing the viable strategies for their targeted manipulationNot Availabl

Unravelling the effect of extraction on anthocyanin functionality and prebiotic potential

Anthocyanins, considered as prebiotic ingredients for functional foods, were extracted from black soybean (BS), black grape (BG), black carrot (BCPm), and black rice (BR) using conventional solvent extraction (CSE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The study employed a split-plot design with CSE and MAE as main plot factors and anthocyanin extracts (AEs) as subplot factors. Anthocyanins were evaluated for stability (polymeric color, degradation index) and functionality (antioxidant capacity). Prebiotic potential on Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Weissella confusa was assessed in fermented soymilk. MAE showed higher extraction yield than CSE in BG (3-fold), BS (2-fold), BCPm (1.2-fold), and BR (1.6-fold). Black grape (1255.76 mg/L) and black soybean (976.5 mg/L) had highest anthocyanin with better stability, functionality, and prebiotic potential. The SCFA concentration (propionic acid and butyric acid) increased significantly in BG fortified-fermented soymilk. Overall, anthocyanin-enriched soymilk exhibited higher prebiotic potential, with MAE as the superior extraction method for anthocyanin functionality and stability