Wybrane zagadnienia dotyczące konstrukcji i badań dźwiękowych systemów ostrzegawczych

W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono niektóre zagadnienia związane z rozwiązaniami DSO. Przedstawiono cechy systemu, rodzaje architektury oraz przykład funkcji dodatkowej. W drugiej części opracowania przybliżono zakres badań kwalifikacyjnych oraz omówiono nowe procedury badawcze służące ocenie właściwości elektroakustycznych systemu.The first part of article is showing some problems of DSO solutions (Sonic Warning Systems). The author is introducing characteristics of the system, kind of their architecture and samples of their additional function. In the second stage of work the author approximates the new scope of qualification researches and new proceeding in scope of electro-acoustic system evaluation

Bacterial contamination in the waters of two lake and river systems in NE Poland in relation to the physicochemical properties of water

Zdigitalizowano i udostępniono w ramach projektu pn. Rozbudowa otwartych zasobów naukowych Repozytorium Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku – kontynuacja, dofinansowanego z programu „Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki” Ministra Edukacji i Nauki na podstawie umowy BIBL/SP/0040/2023/01.Determination of the sanitary-epidemiological status of waters used for tourism purposes is very important, hence the aim of this research was to determine the sanitary status of various types of surface water used for recreation. The research area included 18 stand s on the Ostróda-Elbląg Canal and 25 on the Augustów Canal. Water samples were taken during the summer period in 2017-2018. Microbiological analyses were performed in accordance with PN-EN ISO standards and included determining the total abundance of such bacteria as E. coli, coliforms, fecal enterococci and P. aeruginosa. In addition, basic physicochemical analyses of water were performed according to standard methods. The presence of indicator bacteria in the water indicates their fecal contamination and possible epidemiological threat. The general average abundance of bacteria for the waters of the Augustów Canal was 1,628,000±784,000 CFU /mL, while for the Ostróda-Elbląg Canal 2,242,800±964,300 CFU /mL. The abundance of E. coli bacteria in the waters ranged from O CFU / 100mL to 6400 CFU/100mL, coliforms from O CFU/100mL to 7,200 CFU/ 100mL, fecal enterococci from O to 5,800 CFU /100mL. The maximum values of these indicators were recorded in lakes. The P. aeruginosa bacteria were isolated only from waters from an artificial section of the river-lake systems, and their abundance fluctuated in the 120-860 CFU /100mL range. Statistical analyses have shown that the abundance of indicator bacteria depends on some physicochemical parameters of water, such as: EC, pH, temperature, total carbon concentration, total nitrogen concentration. Summing up, it can be concluded that the highest values of the abundance of indicator bacteria occurred in lakes. The river sections were characterized by higher values of an abundance of coliforms and E. coli bacteria and the total abundance of bacteria compared to canal waters, which indicates a fresh inflow of pollutants to the tested systems. In tum, the canal sections were the only habitat of P. aeruginosa.A. Cudowski: [email protected]. Pietryczuk - Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of BialystokA. Cudowski - Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of BialystokAdewoye, S. O. (2010) Effects of detergent effluent discharges on the aspect of water quality of ASA River, Ilorin, Nigeria. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 1(4):731-36.Anderson, K.L., Whitlock, J.E., Harwood, V.J. (2005) Persistence and Differential Survival of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Subtropical Waters and Sediments. Appl. Environ. 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Boston: Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 2014: pp. 1-21.Briée, C., Moreira, D., López-Garcia, P. (2007) Archaeal and bacterial community composition of sediment and plankton from a suboxic freshwater pond. Res. Microb., 158(3): 213-27.Bradshaw, J.K, Snyder, B.J., Oladeinde, A. Spidle, D., Berrang, M. E., Meinersmann, R. J, Oakley, B., Sidle, R C., Sullivan, K., Molina, M. (2016) Characterizing relationships among fecal indicator bacteria, microbial source tracking markers, and associated waterborne pathogen occurrence in stream water and sediments in a mixed land use watershed. Water Res., 101: 498-509.Byappanahalli, M.N., Nevers, M.B., Korajkic A., Staley, Z.R., Harwood V.J. (2012) Enterococci in the Environment. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 76(4): 685-706.Cabral, J. P. S. (2010) Water microbiology. Bacterial pathogens and water. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 7: 3657-703.Chomutowska, H. (2009) The influence of selected physicochemical factors on the Rospuda river's bacterioplankton. Ochrona środowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych, 40: 513-523 (in Polish).Fogarty, L.R, Haack, S.K., Wolcott, M.J., Whitman, R.L. (2003) Abundance and characteristics of the recreational water quality indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces. J. Appl. Microb., 93(5): 865-878.Furgała-Selezniow, G., Turkowski, K., Nowak, A., Skrzypczak, A., Mamcarz, A. (2006) The Ostroda-Elblag Canal in Poland: The Past and Future for Water Tourism. [In:] Hall, C.M., Härkönen T. (eds) Lake Tourism. An integrated approach to lacustrine tourism system, Chris Cooper (University of Queensland, Australia), 2006: pp. 131-148.Hijosa-Valsero, M., Bécares, E., Fernandez-Aláez, C., Fernandez-Aláez, M., Mayo, R., Jiménez, J.J. (2016) Chemical pollution in inland shallow lakes in the Mediterranean region (NW Spain): PAHs, insecticides and herbicides in water and sediments. Scienc. Total Environ., 544: 797-810.Hillbricht-Ilkowska, A., Wiśniewski, R. J. (1996) The functioning of river - lake systems in the post-Iake landscape: the Krutynia River (Mazury Lake District). Zeszyty Naukowe Komitetu "Człowiek i Środowisko", 13: 1-461. (in Polish).Hoyer, M.V., Donze, J.L., Schulz, E.J, Willis, D.J., Canfield, D.E. (2006) Total coliform and Escherichia coli Counts in 99 Florida Lakes with Relations to Some Common Limnological Factors. Lake and Reservoir Management, 22(2):141-50.Ihejirika, C.E., Ogbulie, J.N., Nwabueze, R.N., Orji, J.C., Ihejirika, O.C., Adieze, I.E., Azubike, O.c., Ibe I.J. (2011) Seasonal influences on the distribution of bacterial pathogens and waterborne diseases transmission potentials of Imo river, Nigeria. J. Res. Biol., 1 (3): 163-72.Kundzewicz, Z. W., Zalewski, M., Kędziora, A., PierzgaIski, E. (2010) Risks associated with water. Nauka, 4: 87-96 (in Polish).Layton, B.A., Walters, S.P., Lam, L.H., Boehm, AB. (2010) Enterococcus species distribution among human and animaI hosts using multiplex PCR J. Appl. Microbiol., 109(2): 539-74.Marcheggiani, S., D'Ugo, E., Puccinelli, C., Giuseppetti, R., D'Angelo, A.M., Gualerzi, C.O., Spurio, R., Medlin, L.K., Guillebault, D., Weigel, W., Helmi, K., Mancini, L. (2015) Detection of emerging and re-emerging pathogens in surface waters close to an urban area. Int. J. Environ. Res. and Public Health, 12 (5):5505-27.McLellan, S.L., Hollis E.J., Depas M.M., Van Dyke, M., Harris, J., Scopel, C.O. (2007) Distribution and fate of Escherichia coli in Lake Michigan following contamination with urban stormwater and combined sewer overflows. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 33(3): 566-80.Mena, K.D., Gerba, Ch.P. (2009) Risk assessment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water. Rev. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 201:71-115.Newton, R.J., Stuart, E.J, Eiler, A., McMahon, K. D., Bertisson, S. (2011) A guide to the naturaI history of freshwater lake bacteria. Microbiol. Mol. 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Woda - Środowisko - Obszary Wiejskie, 6(2): 347-58 (in Polish).Vignesh, S., Muthukumar, K., Santhosh Gokul, M., James, R.A. (2013) Microbial pollution indicators in the Cauvery River, Southern India. [In:] On a sustainable future of the earth's natural resources. Springer Earth System Sciences, 20:364-76.Wetzel, R. G. Bacterioplankton. Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems, 3rd ed. New York: Academic Press, 2001: pp. 489-525.Zehr, J.Z., Ward, B.B. (2002) Nitrogen cycling in the ocean: New perspectives on processes and paradigms. Appl. Environ. Microb., 68(3): 1015-24.213

Growth and metabolism of Chlorella vulgaris under the influence of manganese and iron

Zdigitalizowano i udostępniono w ramach projektu pn. Rozbudowa otwartych zasobów naukowych Repozytorium Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku – kontynuacja, dofinansowanego z programu „Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki” Ministra Edukacji i Nauki na podstawie umowy BIBL/SP/0040/2023/01.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of manganese(II) and iron (III) on the growth and basic metabolic processes of the unicellular alga Chlorella vulgaris. To this end, alga cultures were treated with ions of iron(III) and manganese(II) at concentrations 0.1, 0.5, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 mg L-1 and then analyzed in terms of changes in the number of cells, content of monosaccharides, proteins, chlorophyll and the activity of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase. The development of C. vulgaris was influenced more by manganese(II) than iron(III). The largest increase in the number of cells and concentrations of the studied biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity was induced by 20 mg L-1 manganese(II). The experiment also showed that an appropriate amount of iron (III) helped control the level of manganese(II) thanks to the co-precipitation of metals, and so could help in tackling the worldwide problem of eutrophication. In the case of introduction of 50 mg L-1 of both iron(III) and manganese(II), the number of C. vulgaris cells decreased, and thus the concentration of the biochemical parameters in water. The results of these experimental studies well collaborate with a study conducted earlier of surface water, which showed the existence of a strong correlation between the concentration of manganese in the water and algal biomass, whose determinant is chlorophyll a.A. Pietryczuk: [email protected]. Cudowski - University of Bialystok, Institute of Biology, Department of HydrobiologyA. 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Biomasa, liczebność i wrażliwość na antybiotyki i antymykotyki grzybów w Wiśle i jej głównych dopływach

Mycoplankton of Vistula River and its main tributaries biomass as well as the number and morphotype diversity was studied in summer and autumn 2011. Summer mycoplankton biomass was within the range of 0.2 – 0.5 μg/l, while in the autumn it was two times wider range (0.1 – 1.3 μg/l). The number of fungi in river water most often did not exceed 1000 – 2000 CFU/ml. Fungi colonies isolated from rivers water were sensitive to the commonly used amphotericine B (10 μg) and gentamicin (10 μg). It seems to be plausible that aquatic fungi can acquire immunity to drugs as a result of horizontal transfer of a gene responsible for drug resistance or as an effect of antibiotics and antimycotics getting into the aquatic ecosystems from wastewaters.Latem i jesienią 2011 roku określono biomasę oraz różnorodność morfotypów mykoplanktonu w wodach powierzchniowych Wisły i jej głównych dopływów. Letnia biomasa mykoplanktonu mieściła się w zakresie 0,2 – 0,5 μg/L , zaś jesienią w przedziale 0,1 – 1,3 μg/L. Liczebność grzybów w wodach rzecznych najczęściej nie przekraczała 1000-2000 CFU/mL. Próbki wody charakteryzowały się obecnością grzybów wrażliwych na powszechnie stosowany mikotyk amfoterycynę B (10 μg) i antybiotyk gentamycynę (10 μg). Wydaję się prawdopodobne, że grzyby wodne mogą nabywać oporność na leki, w wyniku horyzontalnego transferu genu odpowiedzialnego za lekooporność od innych mikroorganizmów lub wskutek dostawania się antybiotyków i antymikotyków ze ściekami do ekosystemów wodnych