32 research outputs found

    CAG Repeat Variants in the POLG1 Gene Encoding mtDNA Polymerase-Gamma and Risk of Breast Cancer in African-American Women

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    The DNA polymerase-gamma (POLG) gene, which encodes the catalytic subunit of enzyme responsible for directing mitochondrial DNA replication in humans, contains a polyglutamine tract encoded by CAG repeats of varying length. The length of the CAG repeat has been associated with the risk of testicular cancer, and other genomic variants that impact mitochondrial function have been linked to breast cancer risk in African-American (AA) women. We evaluated the potential role of germline POLG-CAG repeat variants in breast cancer risk in a sample of AA women (100 cases and 100 age-matched controls) who participated in the Women's Circle of Health Study, an ongoing multi-institutional, case-control study of breast cancer. Genotyping was done by fragment analysis in a blinded manner. Results from this small study suggest the possibility of an increased risk of breast cancer in women with minor CAG repeat variants of POLG, but no statistically significant differences in CAG repeat length were observed between cases and controls (multivariate-adjusted odds ratio 1.74; 95% CI, 0.49–6.21). Our study suggests that POLG-CAG repeat length is a potential risk factor for breast cancer that needs to be explored in larger population-based studies

    Admixture Mapping of 15,280 African Americans Identifies Obesity Susceptibility Loci on Chromosomes 5 and X

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    The prevalence of obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2) is higher in African Americans than in European Americans, even after adjustment for socioeconomic factors, suggesting that genetic factors may explain some of the difference. To identify genetic loci influencing BMI, we carried out a pooled analysis of genome-wide admixture mapping scans in 15,280 African Americans from 14 epidemiologic studies. Samples were genotyped at a median of 1,411 ancestry-informative markers. After adjusting for age, sex, and study, BMI was analyzed both as a dichotomized (top 20% versus bottom 20%) and a continuous trait. We found that a higher percentage of European ancestry was significantly correlated with lower BMI (ρ = −0.042, P = 1.6×10−7). In the dichotomized analysis, we detected two loci on chromosome X as associated with increased African ancestry: the first at Xq25 (locus-specific LOD = 5.94; genome-wide score = 3.22; case-control Z = −3.94); and the second at Xq13.1 (locus-specific LOD = 2.22; case-control Z = −4.62). Quantitative analysis identified a third locus at 5q13.3 where higher BMI was highly significantly associated with greater European ancestry (locus-specific LOD = 6.27; genome-wide score = 3.46). Further mapping studies with dense sets of markers will be necessary to identify the alleles in these regions of chromosomes X and 5 that may be associated with variation in BMI

    Wplyw czasu przechowywania na parametry wytrzymalosciowe skorki owocow pomidora

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    Presented work introduces the results of comparative analysis concerning selected mechanical properties of greenhouse Admiro and Encore and soil-grown Surya and Polset tomato’s cultivars skin, stored at 13°C. A statistically significant effect of both: variety and storage time on the Young’s modulus, critical stress and Poisson’s ratio values was observed. The Young’s modulus determined for greenhouse fruit’s skin demonstrated considerably higher values than observed for the soil-grown varieties, in addition the highest values were set for an Encore while the lowest one for a Polset variety. The values of Young’s modulus and critical stress decreased with the storage time growth while the Poisson’s ratio remained in the range from 0.4 to 0.49. Poisson’s ratio, established for greenhouse tomato’s peel, took higher values than in the Encore variety case.W pracy przedstawiono wyniki analizy porównawczej wybranych mechanicznych właściwości skórki owoców pomidora szklarniowego odmian Admiro i Encore oraz owoców pomidora gruntowego odmian Polset i Surya przechowywanych w temperaturze 13ºC. Stwierdzono statystycznie istotny wpływ odmiany i czasu przechowywania na wartość modułu Younga, naprężenia krytycznego i współczynnika Poissona. Moduł Younga skórki owoców szklarniowych był wyższy niż skórki owoców gruntowych. Najwyższą wartość wy znaczono dla owoców odmiany Encore, zaś najniższą dla owoców odmiany Polset. Wartość modułu Younga, naprężenia krytycznego skórki owoców gruntowych obniżała się wraz z wydłużaniem czasu przechowywania, zaś współczynnik Poissona zawierał się w przedziale 0,4 – 0,49. Współczynnik Poissona wyznaczony dla skórki owoców pomidora szklarniowego odmiany Admiro charakteryzował się wyższą wartością niż w przypadku odmiany Encore

    Determination of the elastic modulus of biodegradable thermoplastic starch foils

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    Porownanie parametrow wytrzymalosciowych skorki owocow pomidora szklarniowego i gruntowego

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    The paper presents the results of studies concerning the Young‘s modulus, critical stress, Poisson‘s ratio and thickness determined for the skin of greenhouse tomato cultivars (Admiro and Encore), and soilgrown varieties (Polset and Surya) comparison. Multivariate analysis of variance and one-dimensional tests [Hinkelmann 2008] were carried out. With the contrasts application the greenhouse varieties were compared with soil-grown ones. The comparison inside both: the greenhouse and soil-grown groups were also conducted. The homogeneity groups containing the average values of defined mechanical parameters of the tomato skin were determined.Praca zawiera wyniki badań dotyczących porównania wartości modułu Younga, naprężenia krytycznego, współczynnika Poissona i grubości skórki owoców pomidora szklarniowego odmian Admiro i Encore oraz gruntowego odmian Polset i Surya. W tym celu przeprowadzona została wielowymiarowa analiza wariancji oraz testy jednowymiarowe (Hinkelmann 2008). Za pomocą kontrastów porównano odmiany szklarniowe z odmianami gruntowymi, przeprowadzono również porównania wewnątrz odmian szklarniowych i gruntowych. Wyznaczono także grupy jednorodne średnich wartości badanych parametrów skórki owoców pomidora
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