C−H Bond Activation by Air-Stable [(Diimine)M^(II)(μ_2-OH)]_2^(2+)Dimers (M = Pd, Pt)

Air- and water-tolerant C−H activation is observed in reactions of [(diimine)Pt(μ_2-OH)]_2^(2+) dimers with allylic and benzylic C−H groups. The reactions proceed in good yields under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies indicate that the active species is the monomeric [(diimine)Pt(OH_2)]^(2+) dication. The related palladium species, [(diimine)Pd(μ_2-OH)_2]^(2+), exhibit similar stoichiometric activations and also effect catalytic oxidation of cyclohexene to benzene with molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant

Can interventions that aim to decrease Lyme disease hazard at non-domestic sites be effective without negatively affecting ecosystem health? A systematic review protocol

Background Lyme disease (LD) is the most commonly reported, broadly distributed vector-borne disease of the northern temperate zone. It is transmitted by ticks and, if untreated, can cause skin, cardiac, nervous system and musculoskeletal disease. The distribution and incidence of LD is increasing across much of North America and Western Europe. Interventions to decrease exposure to LD hazard by encouraging behavioural change have low acceptance in high risk groups, and a safe, effective human LD vaccine is not presently available. As a result, habitat level interventions to decrease LD hazard itself (i.e. levels of infected ticks) have been proposed. However, some interventions may potentially negatively affect ecosystem health, and consequentially be neither desirable, nor politically feasible. This systematic review will catalogue interventions that aim to reduce LD hazard at non-domestic sites, and examine the evidence supporting those which are unlikely to negatively affect ecosystem health. Methods The review will be carried out in two steps. First, a screening and cataloguing stage will be conducted to identify and characterise interventions to decrease LD hazard at non-domestic sites. Secondly, the subset of interventions identified during cataloguing as unlikely to negatively affect ecosystem health will be investigated. In the screening and cataloguing step literature will be collected through database searching using pre-chosen search strings, hand-searching key journals and reviewing the websites of public health bodies. Further references will be identified by contacting stakeholders and researchers. Article screening and assessment of the likely effects of interventions on ecosystem health will be carried out independently by two reviewers. A third reviewer will be consulted if disagreements arise. The cataloguing step results will be presented in tables. Study quality will then be assessed independently by two reviewers, using adapted versions of established tools developed in healthcare research. These results will be presented in a narrative synthesis alongside tables. Though a full meta-analysis is not expected to be possible, if sub-groups of studies are sufficiently similar to compare, a partial meta-analysis will be carried out

Determination of the pK a Value of a Brønsted Acid by 19 F NMR Spectroscopy

Brønsted acids, such as phosphoric acids derived from chiral 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol (BINOL), are important catalysts in the formation of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds, for example. The catalytic activity of these Brønsted acids is strongly linked to their acidity, and as such, the evaluation of compounds to determine pK a values provides insight into their catalytic activity. Herein, a 19F{1H} NMR methodology is detailed to determine the pK a of a fluorinated binaphthyl‐derived phosphinic acid, rac‐1, in acetonitrile and in the presence of a fluorinated sulfonamide reference compound (2–4). The approach was tested initially using 2 and 3, with the ΔpK a (0.08) in strong agreement with previously reported values (6.6 for 2 and 6.68/6.73 for 3). Sigmoidal curves of normalised chemical shift change (Δδ) against equivalents of the base phosphazene P1‐tBu added overlapped for 2 and 3, but in the case of rac‐1 and either 2, 3 or 4, there was significant separation. A variety of different approaches for determining the ΔpK a were compared. Values of pK a determined when the normalised Δδ was 90% were optimal for 2 and 3, whereas a normalised Δδ of 75% was optimal for 4, resulting in the pK a of rac‐1 being determined to be 8.47–8.71

Theory of reasoned action for continuous improvement capabilities: a behavioral approach

The importance of interaction between Operations Management (OM) and Human Behavior has been recently re-addressed. This paper introduced the Reasoned Action Theory suggested by Froehle and Roth (2004) to analyze Operational Capabilities exploring the suitability of this model in the context of OM. It also seeks to discuss the behavioral aspects of operational capabilities from the perspective of organizational routines. This theory was operationalized using Fishbein and Ajzen (F/A) behavioral model and a multi-case strategy was employed to analyze the Continuous Improvement (CI) capability. The results posit that the model explains partially the CI behavior in an operational context and some contingency variables might influence the general relations among the variables involved in the F/A model. Thus intention might not be the determinant variable of behavior in this context.A importância da interação entre as áreas de operações e gestão de pessoas tem sido recentemente ressaltada. Este trabalho adotou a teoria da Ação Racional sugerida por Froelhe and Roth (2004) para analisar as competências operacionais, objetivando explorar a adequação deste modelo no contexto de gestão de operações, e o aspecto comportamental das capacidades operacionais sob a perspectiva de rotinas organizacionais.A teoria foi operacionalizada utilizando o modelo comportamental de Fishbein e Ajzen (F/A) e analisada a competência de Melhoria Contínua. Metodologicamente, foi empregada estratégia multicasos com casos representativos. Os resultados indicam que este modelo explica parcialmente o comportamento da Melhoria Contínua e algumas variáveis contingenciais podem influenciar a relação geral entre as variáveis envolvidas no modelo F/A, assim, intenção pode não ser a variável determinante do comportamento nesse contexto.La importancia de la interacción entre las áreas de gestión de operaciones y gestión de personas ha sido resaltada recientemente por diversos autore. Este trabajo adoptó la teoría de la Acción Racional sugerida por Froelhe and Roth (2004) para analizar las competencias operacionales, a los efectos de explorar la adecuación de este modelo en el contexto de gestión de operaciones, así como de explorar el aspecto comportamental de las capacidades operacionales desde la perspectiva de rutinas organizacionales. La teoría fue operacionalizada utilizando el modelo de comportamiento de Fishbein y Ajzen (F/A) y la competencia analizada fue la de Mejoría Continua. Metodológicamente, se empleó una estrategia multicasos con casos representativos. Como resultado, el presente estudio postula que, en el contexto de gestión de operaciones, este modelo explica parcialmente el comportamiento de la Mejoría Continua y algunas variables contingenciales pueden influenciar la relación general entre las variables involucradas en el modelo F/A, así, la intención puede no ser la variable determinante del comportamiento en ese contexto

A model of collaborative innovation between local government and tourism operators

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