Development of Coding Schemes for Video

Video compression refers to the process of reducing the quantity of data used to represent digital video images, and is a combination of spatial image compression and temporal motion compensation. Spatial image compression is done by exploiting the spatial redundancy. Temporal motion compensation is done by exploiting the correlation of the pixels in the nearby frame. In this thesis, investigations have been made to understand the actual mechanism of compression of still images and applying the principle to the video frames. Initially JPEG compression is analyzed and then it is used in MJPEG compression. In later stages motion estimation techniques are analyzed so as to achieve compression by exploiting the temporal redundancy. Three algorithms for motion estimation are analyzed and compared with each other through their results

Synthesis and Characterization of Co-doped BiFeO3

Multiferroic BiFeO3 and the cobalt doped BiFeO3 sample is prepared by sol – gel combustion technique using 2–methoxy ethanol and ethylene glycol as fuel. X-ray diffraction results confirm the formation of BiFeO3 as major phase with small amount of impurity phases, which are subsequently removed by leaching the sample with dilute nitric acid. The Rietveld refinement of all compositions shows there is a gradual decrease in lattice parameter with increase in cobalt concentration. DSC and TG plots of the samples shows there is a structural phase change from R3c to P3mm at 8290C and at higher temperatures appearance of impurity phases due to bismuth loss and liquid phases are seen. The SEM images of the sintered pellet show that the sample so prepared are having distribution of grain sizes which varies from 100nm - 1m. The grains shrink to smaller size, when the sample is doped with cobalt. EDXS of sample shows that the elemental composition is free from any foreign elements contamination. Dielectric measurement is done for all the samples from 100Hz to 1MHz. The low frequency dielectric constant of undoped sample is 36 and increases to 202 for 10% cobalt doped sample.

Azimuthal Angle Probe of Anomalous HWW Couplings at the LHeC

A high energy ep collider, such as the proposed LHeC, possesses the unique facility of permitting direct measurement of the HWW coupling without contamination from the HZZ coupling. At such a machine, the fusion of two W bosons through the HWW vertex would give rise to typical charged current (CC) events accompanied by a Higgs boson. We demonstrate that azimuthal angle correlations between the observable CC final states could then be a sensitive probe of the nature of the HWW vertex and hence of the CP properties of the Higgs boson.Comment: Revised version to appear in Physical Review Letters, some typos and mis-labellings corrected, references reorganised and update

Up-and-coming Radiotracers for Imaging Pain Generators

Chronic musculoskeletal pain is among the most highly prevalent diseases worldwide. Managing patients with chronic pain remains very challenging because current imaging techniques focus on morphological causes of pain that can be inaccurate and misleading. Moving away from anatomical constructs of disease, molecular imaging has emerged as a method to identify diseases according to their molecular, physiologic, or cellular signatures that can be applied to the variety of biomolecular changes that occur in nociception and pain processing and therefore have tremendous potential for precisely pinpointing the source of a patient's pain. Several molecular imaging approaches to image the painful process are now available, including imaging of voltage-gated sodium channels, calcium channels, hypermetabolic processes, the substance P receptor, the sigma-1 receptor, and imaging of macrophage trafficking. This article provides an overview of promising molecular imaging approaches for the imaging of musculoskeletal pain with a focus on preclinical methods.</p

Ultrahigh intensity laser for laser wakefield acceleration

The next generation of high peak power CPA laser systems will be improved in compactness, simplicity, and cost. Yb:glass is a suitable choice for the amplifier medium in such a laser system necessary for an all-optical GeV accelerator. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87564/2/68_1.pd

Quantification of yield gaps in rain-fed rice, wheat, cotton and mustard in India

Rainfed farming / Crop yield / Simulation / Rice / Wheat / Cotton / Mustard / India

Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Changes in the Vegetation Density of Similipal Biosphere Reserve in Odisha (India) Using Multitemporal Satellite Imagery

National parks and protected areas require periodic monitoring because of changing land cover types and variability of landscape contexts within and adjacent to their boundaries. In this study, remote sensing and GIS techniques were used to analyse the changes in the vegetation density particularly in the zones of higher anthropogenic pressure in the Similipal Biosphere Reserve (SBR) of Odisha (India), using Landsat imagery from 1975 to 2005. A technique for the detection of postclassification changes was followed and the change in vegetation density as expressed by normalized difference vegetation index was computed. Results indicate that high dense forest in the core zone has been conserved and the highest reforestation has also occurred in this zone of SBR. The results also reveal that anthropological interventions are more in the less dense forest areas and along the roads, whereas high dense forest areas have remained undisturbed and rejuvenated. This study provides baseline data demonstrating alteration in land cover over the past three decades and also serves as a foundation for monitoring future changes in the national parks and protected areas