Effects of Some Dates, Pre -treatment Sowing, Soil Texture and Foliar Spraying of Zinc on Seedling of Dalbergia sissoo (Roxb.)

Three experiments were conducted from the beginning of March to the end of October, 2012, in a field condition in Koya city-Iraqi Kurdistan region on shisham Dalbergia sissoo (Roxb.) trees. First experiment was laid out to study the effects of three date of sowing (15 of March, April and May), and six pre- treatments on seed germination of D. sissoo (Roxb.). The Results show that the best time of sowing for good seed germination was 15 of April. Highest germination rate was found when both sides of the pod were cut with soaking in tap water for 24 h. Second experiment was conducted to study the effects of three transplanting soil textures (clay, sandy and sandy clay (1:1) on seedling survival and some growth characteristics. Results indicates that D. sissoo gave better seedling survive rate, seedling leaves and height in sandy clay and sandy soils compared to clay soil. Third experiment was laid out to study the effects of foliar application of zinc (0, 57 and 114 ppm) sprayed on D. sissoo plants growing in clay, sandy and sandy clay (1:1) soils. Zinc application caused a significant increase in most vegetative growth characteristics. Treatments significantly increased leaves phosphorus, sulphate and zinc content compared to control. Most promising results were obtained from seedlings sprayed with zinc and grown in sandy clay soil

Assessment of Neopterin and Interleukin-1 Beta Serum Levels in Burn Patients

Background: The burn is an injury consisting of the destruction of the skin and the underlying tissues. The neopterin(Neo) is produced by activated macrophages, in response to interferon-gamma derived from activated T cell. Interleukin1 beta (IL-1β) is an important mediator of the inflammatory response. Objective: Estimation of Neo and IL-1β in burned patients to determine the changes in these parameters in relation to percentage of total burn body surface area (TBSA%) and the duration of hospital stay. Patients and Methods: Fifty burned patients who were admitted to West Erbil Emergency Hospital in Erbil governorate were included. Out of 50 burnt patients 20 patients were secondly sampled to follow-up serum levels for Neo and IL- β. The burn patients in this  study was divided into four groups according to the TBSA%. Results: Comparing mean concentration of serum  Neo and IL-1β in burn patients and healthy control revealed increased levels of Neo and IL-1β in burnt patients with increased TBSA% , indeed IL-1β serum level also increased in non-survivor  burn patients compared with survivor patients and HC. Indeed levels of Neo level increased significantly in (10) day post burn. Conclusion: Levels of Neo and IL-1β increased in burnt patients with increased TBSA%, non-survivor  compared with survivor patients and HC. Indeed levels of Neo level increased in (10) day post burn

Estimation of Leptin and Leptin Receptor Concentrations in Seminal Plasma of Primary Infertile Men

Background: There are many sources for Leptin secretion, and it is activated by binding with its receptor known as leptin receptor, that play a role in male infertility. Objective: To assess the levels of leptin and leptin receptors in seminal plasma among primary infertile men and its impact on semen parameters. Patients and Methods: A case control study of 75 primary infertile males and 40 healthy individuals who were enrolled in this study during March 2013 to May 2013. Estimation of age, body mass index (BMI), semen analysis, seminal plasma leptin, leptin receptor and testosterone hormone concentration were done for all study subjects. Results: Highly significant difference found in mean of semen parameters of infertile male compared with healthy controls. Mean concentration of seminal plasma leptin and leptin receptor of infertile men were significantly were elevated, while serum testosterone concentration significantly decreased compared with healthy control. Conclusion: There is emerging evidence that the leptin concentration negatively impacts fertility through its correlation with age, BMI, testosterone hormone and semen parameters

Serum C - Reactive Protein Level in Diabetic Foot Patients and Their Relation with Bacterial Isolates

Background: Foot infections are one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus and a significant risk factor for lower extremity amputation. C-reactive protein is an acute-phase reactant, rises dramatically in response to infection.   Aim: To determine the microbial isolates of patients with diabetic foot infections and their relation with C-reactive protein level in their sera. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 90 patients with diabetic foot infections admitted to different public and private hospitals in Erbil city center-Iraq between June 2011 and May 2012 was undertaken. Bacteriological specimens were obtained and processed using standard procedure. The patients serum had been tested for C-reactive protein by high sensitive Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: A total of 130 pathogens were isolated from 90 diabetic foot patients 46 (51%) of the patients had polymicrobial infection, 37 (41%) had single organism and 7 (8%) had no growth. Gram positive (G+ve) bacteria 60(53%) were more commonly isolated than Gram negative (G-ve) bacteria 53(47%). Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were the most frequently among G+ve and G-ve isolates respectively. No significant difference was found between mean serum levels of C-reactive protein in patients infected with G+ve bacteria versus G-ve bacteria, although their concentration was more in the later. However, highly significant differences (P<0.01) were observed between both G+ve and G-ve bacteria versus no bacterial isolate in patients. Conclusion: C-reactive protein serum level was higher in patient with diabetic foot infected by G-ve bacteria, although G+ve bacteria represented a major bacterial isolates.

Field redefinitions in effective theories at higher orders

The invariance of physical observables under redefinitions of the quantum fields is a well-known and important property of quantum field theory. We study perturbative field redefinitions in effective theories, paying special attention to higher-order effects and their impact on matching to an ultraviolet theory at the classical and quantum levels.Our work has been supported by the Spanish MINECO project FPA2016-78220-C3-1-P (Fondos FEDER) and the Junta de Andalucía grant FQM101. The work of J.C.C. has also been supported by the Spanish MECD grant FPU14