The behavioral parenting interventions (BPT) for support and mandatory integrative therapy for children and adolescents affected by disruptive behavioural disorders: A brief review

The behavioral parenting interventions (BPT), commonly abbreviated as parent training, is a program conducted by an expert with the specific purpose of improving or modifying parental practices in order to promote the child's well-being, increasing parenting skills in the daily management of the child, problem solving and reducing the level of parenting and family stress. BPT presents many positive effects on children or adolescents affected by neurodevelopmental disorder such as ADHD, autism and cognitive dysfunction but BPT appears to improve also other proximal outcomes such as parenting competence and parenting stress

Review about comorbidities of behavioural disorders in children and adolescents: The focus on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) present high comorbidity rate mainly for opposite-defiant disorders that are frequent among children, adolescents and adults affected by with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), probably as result of common temperamental risk factors such as attention, distraction, impulsivity. ADHD tend to manifest in about 50% of individuals diagnosed as disruptive behavioral disorders

Behavioural disorders in children and adolescents: A conceptual review about the therapeutic alliance with family and school

Aim: In disruptive behavioral disorders, given the wide range of symptomatic manifestations and the complexity of the sociofamiliar contexts in which they develop, it is now proven that more visible and more stable results can be achieved over time through multimodal and multidimensional interventions. These are accomplished through the integration of psychotherapeutic interventions for the child and parents, counseling interventions for all the various practitioners who come into contact with the child in school, sports, and social settings, through the possibility of organizing multiple settings in patient can be followed by several health professionals such as child and adolescent neuropsychiatrist, neuropsychomotricist, occupation therapist, psychologist

THE PSYCHOTERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS AND STRATEGIES FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS: THE INCREDIBLE YEARS TREATMENT PROGRAM

The psychotherapeutic interventions disposable and considered the key role in behavioral therapy are the Incredible Years, the evidence-based parenting suppor

Molecular phylogeography of the smooth-­‐coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata, Mustelidae) for its conservation in the Mesopotamian marshes of Iraq

The smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) (SCO) includes perspicillata (SE Asia), sindica (SE Pakistan, W India) and endemic-to-Iraq maxwelli morphological subspecies. Classified as vulnerable by IUCN, the SCO is threatened by habitat transformation, illegal trade and poaching. Non-invasively collected samples in Iraq (10), central and E Asia (nine countries, 46) were sequenced at the entire mtDNA Cytochrome-b gene and genotyped (ongoing) at the microsatellite DNA. We also obtained 307 bp-long gene fragments from 16 SCOs resident to US and European museums. We used 19 Lutrinae GenBank entries. In Iraq, we provided genetic evidence for endemicity of maxwelli to Mesopotamia (private haplotype, mostly from Al-Hawizeh Marsh, S Iraq), while we could not confirm the occurrence of the SCO in N Iraq (Kurdistan).We found reciprocally monophyletic mtDNA lineages across the SCO range each corresponding to a subspecies. Preliminary microsatellite DNA results confirmed this mtDNA picture, overall pointing to three Evolutionarily Significant Units. Looking-like SCOs from Singapore showed oriental small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinerea) mtDNA. We will investigate A. cinerea-mtDNA introgressed SCOs at the microsatellite DNA to assess if they are descendant of L. perspicillata x A. cinerea otters (i.e., first hybrid record in the wild for Lutrinae). Several museum specimens were genetically identified as other than the SCO (even an African otter),indicating that morphology can be not sufficient to reliably catalogue otter study skins. In Iraq, genetic and fieldwork (not shown) data will help establishing a National Single Species Action Plan for the SCO. [National Geographic Society Conservation

Coinductive subtyping for abstract compilation of object-oriented languages into Horn formulas

In recent work we have shown how it is possible to define very precise type systems for object-oriented languages by abstractly compiling a program into a Horn formula f. Then type inference amounts to resolving a certain goal w.r.t. the coinductive (that is, the greatest) Herbrand model of f. Type systems defined in this way are idealized, since in the most interesting instantiations both the terms of the coinductive Herbrand universe and goal derivations cannot be finitely represented. However, sound and quite expressive approximations can be implemented by considering only regular terms and derivations. In doing so, it is essential to introduce a proper subtyping relation formalizing the notion of approximation between types. In this paper we study a subtyping relation on coinductive terms built on union and object type constructors. We define an interpretation of types as set of values induced by a quite intuitive relation of membership of values to types, and prove that the definition of subtyping is sound w.r.t. subset inclusion between type interpretations. The proof of soundness has allowed us to simplify the notion of contractive derivation and to discover that the previously given definition of subtyping did not cover all possible representations of the empty type

Existential witness extraction in classical realizability and via a negative translation

We show how to extract existential witnesses from classical proofs using Krivine's classical realizability---where classical proofs are interpreted as lambda-terms with the call/cc control operator. We first recall the basic framework of classical realizability (in classical second-order arithmetic) and show how to extend it with primitive numerals for faster computations. Then we show how to perform witness extraction in this framework, by discussing several techniques depending on the shape of the existential formula. In particular, we show that in the Sigma01-case, Krivine's witness extraction method reduces to Friedman's through a well-suited negative translation to intuitionistic second-order arithmetic. Finally we discuss the advantages of using call/cc rather than a negative translation, especially from the point of view of an implementation.Comment: 52 pages. Accepted in Logical Methods for Computer Science (LMCS), 201

Unravelling the biogeography of secretive taxa by museum collections: the untold story of the black francolin (Francolinus francolinus, Phasianidae) in the Mediterranean

The black francolin (Francolinus francolinus) (BF) comprises six morphological subspecies distributed from Cyprus and Turkey across Asia to India. In spite of being renowned as courtly gamebird since the Classic Age, this species suffers from paucity of demographic and molecular studies. In order to update the BF biogeographic pattern by pursuing a thorough sampling across the unsafe and remote areas representing most of the specie’s range, tissues from museum specimens (76, XVIIIth c.-­‐1954) hosted in US and European ornithological collections were genotyped at a 185 bp-­‐long fragment of the mtDNA Control Region gene along with modern birds (205) sequenced at the entire gene. The access to ornithological collections opened the unforeseen opportunity to elucidate the genetic affinity of the extinct populations once residing in the western Mediterranean (Italy, Spain), thus settling the debate about autochthony versus allochthony in that region. Three well-­‐defined haplogroups -­‐ each one including a pair of morphological subspecies and matching the phylogeographical pattern inferred with the whole gene -­‐ were found to reflect a westward adaptive radiation, a more complex scenario being nonetheless disclosed in the Indian sub-­‐continent. The nonnative status of the western Mediterranean BFs was ultimately assessed, a tight genetic affinity with conspecifics from Cyprus and southern Asia being found. This finding, which partly confirmed the invoked importation during the Crusades, pointed to the major human impact on Mediterranean biodiversity through long-­‐distance trade across Asia to satisfy the high demand for exotic species by the European aristocracy during the Medieval times and the Renaissance

Comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA variations in patients affected by hemoglobinopathies: a pilot study

The hemoglobin disorders are the most common single gene disorders in the world. Previous studies have suggested that they are deeply geographically structured and a variety of genetic determinants influences different clinical phenotypes between patients inheriting identical β-globin gene mutations. In order to get new insights into the heterogeneity of hemoglobin disorders, we investigated the molecular variations on nuclear genes (i.e. HBB, HBG2, BCL11A, HBS1L and MYB) and mitochondrial DNA control region. This pilot study was carried out on 53 patients belonging to different continents and molecularly classified in 4 subgroup: β-thalassemia (β+/β+, β0/β0 and β+/β0)(15), sickle cell disease (HbS/HbS)(20), sickle cell/β-thalassemia (HbS/β+ or HBS/β0)(10), and non-thalassemic compound heterozygous (HbS/HbC, HbO-Arab/HbC)(8). This comprehensive phylogenetic analysis provided a clear separation between African and European patients either in nuclear or mitochondrial variations. Notably, informing on the phylogeographic structure of affected individuals, this accurate genetic stratification, could help to optimize the diagnostic algorithm for patients with uncertain or unknown origin