Análisis fisicoquímico del aceite de la Ceiba pentandra: Physicochemical analysis of the Ceiba pentandra oil

Ceiba pentandra seed oil has been little studied and used for this reason, the objective of this research was to determine the physicochemical properties of Ceiba pentandra seed oil for the knowledge of its applications, encouraging its cultivation, conservation and commercialization. . The methodology begins with the collection of the seeds, these were dried, dehulled and crushed to extract their oil by pressing and solvent methods, the second some physicochemical properties were measured such as: acid number, iodine indices, peroxide, corrosion in copper foil and humidity, following the Colombian Technical Standard (NTC). A higher percentage was found in the oil extraction by the solvent method, the physicochemical parameters presented low humidity values (1,48%), corrosion in copper foil (grade 1A), acid number (1,81 mg KOH/g ), peroxide (1,99 meqO2 / Kg) and iodine (101,95 cg I / g), evidencing a stable, slightly corrosive oil, in addition, the Ceiba pentandra oil is in accordance with national and international standards for the industry of food (CODEX). The use of Ceiba pentandra oil is recommended in the food industry, it can also be used in the production of cleaning products, cosmetics and biodiesel.El aceite de las semillas de Ceiba pentandra ha sido poco estudiado y aprovechado por tal razón, el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las propiedades fisicoquímicas del aceite de la semilla de Ceiba pentandra para el conocimiento de sus aplicaciones, incentivando su cultivo, conservación y comercialización. La metodología inicia con la recolección de las semillas, estas fueron, secadas, descascaradas y trituradas para extraer su aceite por los métodos de prensado y solvente, al segundo se le midieron algunas propiedades fisicoquímicas como: número ácido, índices de yodo, peróxido, corrosión en lámina de cobre y humedad, siguiendo la Norma Técnica Colombiana (NTC). Se encontró mayor porcentaje en la extracción de aceite por el método de solvente, los parámetros fisicoquímicos presentaron bajos valores de humedad (1,48%), corrosión en lámina de cobre (grado 1A), número ácido (1,81 mg KOH/g), peróxido (1,99 meqO2/Kg) y yodo (101,95 cg I/g), evidenciando un aceite estable, poco corrosivo, además el aceite de la Ceiba pentandra está acorde con los estándares nacionales e internacionales para la industria de alimentos (CODEX). Se recomienda el uso del aceite de Ceiba pentandra en la industria alimenticia, también puede ser empleado en la elaboración de productos de limpieza, cosméticos y biodiesel

Soft X ray spectroscopies in liquids and at solid liquid interface at BACH beamline at Elettra

The Beamline for Advanced diCHroism BACH of the Istituto Officina dei Materiali Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche IOM CNR , operating at Elettra synchrotron in Trieste Italy , works in the extreme ultra violet EUV soft x ray photon energy range with selectable light polarization, high energy resolution, brilliance and time resolution. The beamline offers a multi technique approach for the investigation of the electronic, chemical, structural, magnetic, and dynamical properties of materials. Recently one of the three end stations has been dedicated to experiments based on electron transfer processes at the solid liquid interfaces and during photocatalytic or electrochemical reactions. Suitable cells to perform soft x ray spectroscopy in the presence of liquids and reagent gases atambient pressure were developed. Here we present two types of static cells working in transmission or in fluorescence yield, and an electrochemical flow cell which allows to carry out cyclic voltammetry in situ, electrodeposition on a working electrode WE and to study chemical reactions in operando conditions. Examples of X ray absorption spectroscopy XAS measurements performed in ambient conditions and during electrochemical experiments in liquids are presente

Antithrombotic Therapy and Major Adverse Limb Events in Patients With Chronic Lower Extremity Arterial Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy in Collaboration with the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Aorta & Peripheral Vascular Diseases.

INTRODUCTION: The role and selection of antithrombotic therapy to improve limb outcomes in chronic lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) is still debated. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the efficacy and safety of anti-thrombotic and more intense antithrombotic therapy on limb outcomes and limb salvage in patients with chronic LEAD. METHODS: Study inclusion criteria were: enrollment of patients with LEAD, randomized allocation to more vs. less intense antithrombotic therapy [more vs. less intense single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT); dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) vs. SAPT; dual antithrombotic therapy vs. SAPT or oral anticoagulant]; enrolment of ≥ 200 patients; reporting of at least one of following outcomes: limb amputation or revascularization. Seven randomized studies enrolling 30'447 patients were included. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 24 months, more vs. less intense antithrombotic therapy or placebo significantly reduced the risk of limb revascularization (relative risk [RR]: 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83 - 0.94) and limb amputation (RR: 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46-0.86), as well as stroke (RR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70-0.97). There was no statistically significant effect on the risk of myocardial infarction (RR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.87-1.11), all-cause (RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86-1.01) and cardiovascular death (RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.86-1.08). Risk of major bleeding increased (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.04-1.44). CONCLUSION: In patients with LEAD, more intense antithrombotic therapy reduces risk of limb amputation and revascularization as well as stroke, with an increase in the risk of bleeding events

Antithrombotic Therapy and Major Adverse Limb Events in Patients With Chronic Lower Extremity Arterial Disease : systematic review and meta-analysis from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy in Collaboration with the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Diseases

AIMS: The role and selection of antithrombotic therapy to improve limb outcomes in chronic lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) is still debated. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the efficacy and safety of antithrombotic and more intense antithrombotic therapy on limb outcomes and limb salvage in patients with chronic LEAD. METHODS AND RESULTS: Study inclusion criteria were: enrolment of patients with LEAD, randomized allocation to more vs. less intense antithrombotic therapy [more vs. less intense single-antiplatelet therapy (SAPT); dual-antiplatelet therapy vs. SAPT; dual antithrombotic therapy vs. SAPT or oral anticoagulant]; enrolment of ≥200 patients; reporting of at least one of following outcomes: limb amputation or revascularization. Seven randomized studies enrolling 30 447 patients were included. Over a median follow-up of 24 months, more vs. less intense antithrombotic therapy or placebo significantly reduced the risk of limb revascularization [relative risk (RR) 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-0.94] and limb amputation (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.46-0.86), as well as stroke (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.70-0.97). There was no statistically significant effect on the risk of myocardial infarction (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.87-1.11), all-cause (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86-1.01), and cardiovascular death (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.86-1.08). Risk of major bleeding increased (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04-1.44). CONCLUSION: In patients with LEAD, more intense antithrombotic therapy reduces the risk of limb amputation and revascularization as well as stroke with an increase in the risk of bleeding events

European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA): results with the European baseline series, 2013/14.

BACKGROUND Contact allergy is a common condition and can severely interfere with daily life or professional activities. Due to changes in exposures, such as introduction of new substances, new products or formulations and regulatory intervention, the spectrum of contact sensitization changes. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the current spectrum of contact allergy to allergens present in the European baseline series (EBS) across Europe. METHODS Retrospective analysis of data collected by the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA, www.essca-dc.org) in consecutively patch-tested patients, 2013/14, in 46 departments in 12 European countries. RESULTS Altogether, 31 689 patients were included in the analysis. Compared to a similar analysis in 2004, the prevalence of contact allergy to methylisothiazolinone went up to around 20% in several departments. In comparison, contact allergy to the metals nickel, cobalt and chromium remained largely stable, at 18.1%, 5.9% and 3.2%, respectively, similar to mostly unchanged prevalence with fragrance mix I, II and Myroxylon pereirae (balsam of Peru) at 7.3%, 3.8% and 5.3%, respectively. In the subgroup of departments diagnosing (mainly) patients with occupational contact dermatitis, the prevalence of work-related contact allergies such as epoxy resin or rubber additives was found to be increased, compared to general dermatology departments. CONCLUSION Continuous surveillance of contact allergy based on network data offers the identification of time trends or persisting problems, and thus enables focussing in-depth research (subgroup analyses, exposure analysis) on areas where it is needed

Patch test results with fragrance markers of the baseline series - Analysis of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA) network 2009-2012

Background: Contact allergy to fragrances is common, and impairs quality of life, particularly in young women. Objective: To provide current results on the prevalences of sensitization to fragrance allergens used as markers in the baseline series of most European countries. Methods: Data of patients consecutively patch tested between 2009 and 2012 in 12 European countries with fragrance allergens contained in the baseline series were collected by the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies network and descriptively analysed. Four departments used the TRUE Test(\uae) system. Results: The 'basic markers' were tested on 51 477 [fragrance mix II (FM II)] to 57 123 [Myroxylon pereirae, balsam of Peru] patients, and yielded positive reactions as follows: fragrance mix I 6.9%, Myroxylon pereirae 5.4%, FM II 3.8%, colophonium 2.6%, and hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde 1.7%, with some regional differences. Prevalences with TRUE Test(\uae) allergens were lower. Additional fragrances were tested on 3643 (trimethylbenzenepropanol) to 14 071 (oil of turpentine) patients, and yielded between 2.6% (Cananga odorata) and 0.7% (trimethylbenzenepropanol) positive reactions. Conclusions: Contact allergy to fragrances is common throughout Europe, with regional variation probably being explained by patch test technique, and differences in exposure and referral patterns. The current basic markers of fragrance sensitivity in the baseline series should be supplemented with additional fragrance allergens