An Accelerated Homotopy Perturbation Method for Solving Nonlinear Two-Dimensional Volterra-Fredholm Integrodifferential Equations

We propose and apply coupling of the variational iteration method (VIM) and homotopy perturbation method (HPM) to solve nonlinear mixed Volterra-Fredholm integrodifferential equations (VFIDE). In this approach, we use a new formula called variational homotopy perturbation method (VHPM) and variational accelerated homotopy perturbation method (VAHPM). This approach is based on the form of He’s polynomials and on a new form of He’s polynomials. We discuss the convergence of the technique. Some numerical examples are introduced to verify the efficiency of this technique

Neonatal Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes Pregnant Women, A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Background: Pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations, and obstetric complications including increased rates of cesarean section birth, prematurity, and neonatal adverse outcomes including large for gestational age (LAG), and hypoglycemia. Our aim of this study is to investigate and evaluate the prevalence and the different neonatal outcomes of T1DM pregnant women compared to nondiabetic healthy pregnant women in a single-center experience to improve the effectiveness of interventions for the treatment of pregnant women with T1DM. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 113 pregnant women (43 pregnant patients with T1DM and 70 non-diabetic healthy pregnant women) who underwent regular follow-in the antenatal period and delivered at King Fahad Military Medical Complex (KMMC) - Dhahran between 2018 and 2023. Results: A total of 117 pregnant women (47 with Type-1 diabetes mellitus-T1DM and 70 healthy controls) were included in the study. The proportion of elective C-sections was significantly high in women with T1DM 21 (44.7%) and the proportion of neonatal hypoglycemia who need treatment was also significantly high in diabetic women 20 (42.6%). NICU/SCBU admission was significantly high in diabetic women 23 (48.9%). Conclusion: The high prevalence of neonatal adverse outcomes especially hypoglycemia and intensive care admission of T1DM pregnant women compared to non-diabetic pregnant women indicates that this model of antenatal diabetes care must be improved to enhance maternal and fetal outcomes, especially in such high-risk groups and challenging problems

Higher-Order Iterative Methods for Solving Nonlinear Equations

Abstract: In this report, we presented three high-order iterative methods for solving nonlinear equations of the form 0 = ) (x f . These proposed iterative methods are obtained by combining a fourth-order iterative method with the classical Newton's method and approximating the first derivative in the third step by three different approaches of combinations of previously evaluated function values. The convergence analyses of the new methods are discussed, and several examples are given to illustrate the methods' efficiency

Epidemiology of Autoimmune Diseases among Attendants of General Hospitals in Aseer region

It has long been recognized that environmental influences play an important role in the risk of developing Autoimmune disease. Defining specific pathogenic environmental mediators that may trigger the development or progression of autoimmune disease remains a focus of increasing investigative effort. Factors promoting disease may not be identical to factors that influence the severity or progression of the disorder. The cause(s) of autoimmune disorders remain largely unknown. Considerable evidence supports a role for environmental agents in inducing autoimmune disorders. OBJECTIVES: The study aims to explore the risk factors of autoimmune diseases among attendants of general hospitals in Aseer Region. Methods: case control study design was carried out  included 70  patients with multiple types of auto immune diseases attending general hospitals and primary health care centers in Abha city. They were clinically diagnosed as having autoimmune diseases. and 140 clinically free subjects , age and sex matched were included as controls. RESULTS: The present study included 70 autoimmune disease patients predominantly females (88.4%). Their mean age was 42.7 ± 12.1 years and disease duration was 11.2 ± 7.2 years. The mean age of the control group was 47.1 ± 13.6 years with no significant differences in the demographic data between the patients and control (p > 0.05). This study found no significant differences between cases with autoimmune diseases and sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusion :There is multiple determinants and risk factors affecting the occurrence of autoimmune diseases. Familial history, psychological stresses, hormonal supplementation, using hair dyes, smoking and recent vaccination were significant factors associated with autoimmune diseases. Keywords: Epidemiology, autoimmune, diseases, Aseer regio

The origin of fracture in the I-ECAP of AZ31B magnesium alloy

Magnesium alloys are very promising materials for weight-saving structural applications due to their low density, comparing to other metals and alloys currently used. However, they usually suffer from a limited formability at room temperature and low strength. In order to overcome those issues, processes of severe plastic deformation (SPD) can be utilized to improve mechanical properties, but processing parameters need to be selected with care to avoid fracture, very often observed for those alloys during forming. In the current work, the AZ31B magnesium alloy was subjected to SPD by incremental equal-channel angular pressing (I-ECAP) at temperatures varying from 398 K to 525 K (125 °C to 250 °C) to determine the window of allowable processing parameters. The effects of initial grain size and billet rotation scheme on the occurrence of fracture during I-ECAP were investigated. The initial grain size ranged from 1.5 to 40 µm and the I-ECAP routes tested were A, BC, and C. Microstructures of the processed billets were characterized before and after I-ECAP. It was found that a fine-grained and homogenous microstructure was required to avoid fracture at low temperatures. Strain localization arising from a stress relaxation within recrystallized regions, namely twins and fine-grained zones, was shown to be responsible for the generation of microcracks. Based on the I-ECAP experiments and available literature data for ECAP, a power law between the initial grain size and processing conditions, described by a Zener–Hollomon parameter, has been proposed. Finally, processing by various routes at 473 K (200 °C) revealed that route A was less prone to fracture than routes BC and C

Evaluation of provisions for gifted students in Saudi Arabia

This study was conducted to evaluate the provision of gifted education in Saudi Arabia, which had not been assessed since its commencement 12 years ago. This study represents a comprehensive and objective evaluation of all the gifted centres that provide care and services for gifted students in Saudi Arabia, in order to achieve the following objectives: 1. Identify and classify different policies of planning and providing programs for gifted students in Saudi Arabia; 2. Identify and evaluate the effectiveness of procedures used in selecting gifted students in Saudi Arabia; 3. Identify and evaluate the effectiveness of procedures used in selecting and training specially qualified teachers and administrative staff who work with gifted students in Saudi Arabia; 4. Identify and evaluate the effectiveness of strategies and curriculum approaches implemented in programs for the gifted students in Saudi Arabia; and 5. Provide a guideline for a Saudi model of evaluating, planning, and implementing programs for gifted students. In order to carry out these objectives, the study used a mixed method design with data collected through questionnaires, interviews, and observation. The participants of this study were administrators, supervisors and teachers who work in gifted centres in Saudi Arabia, including gifted students and their parents. The total number of participants of both genders numbered 541 participants. This research study sought response to the following questions: 1. What are the current gifted policies, and how have they been implemented? 2. What are the current gifted provisions, and how have they been developed? 3. What procedures are used to select gifted students for gifted programs, and how effective are they? 4. What procedures are used to select and train teachers for gifted programs, and how effective are they? 5. What strategies and curriculum approaches are implemented for gifted students, and how effective are they? 6. How can provisions for gifted students be improved? 7. Are there differences in the provisions for gifted girls and gifted boys in Saudi Arabia? What effects do these differences have on the key stakeholders’ satisfaction with the education of gifted students? The results of the study showed a reduced performance by the Ministry of Education in terms of providing gifted education. There was no clear policy and no follow-up despite the existence of legislation that allows for the implementation of appropriate methodologies for the gifted. In addition, identification of gifted students was also a problem. Provision of this type of education has not yet embodied the means of identifying gifted children nor the selection and training of supervisors and teachers. Further appropriate curricula were also lacking. Finally, there was a notable lack of financial support either from the Ministry of Education or the private sector. This is somewhat puzzling given that it is the latter sector which most benefits from the education of gifted students. This study has suggested best practice for the care of gifted students in Saudi Arabia, based on the recommendations reached by the researcher through the discussion of results

Adherence to diabetes medication among diabetic patients in the Bisha governorate of Saudi Arabia – a cross-sectional survey

Abdullah M Alqarni,1,2 Tahani Alrahbeni,2 Ayidh Al Qarni,3,4 Hassan M Al Qarni1,2 1Clinical Pharmacy Department, Bisha Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Bisha, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Physical Therapy, King Abdullah Hospital, Bisha Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Bisha, Saudi Arabia Background: Patients’ non-adherence to diabetes medication is associated with poor glycemic control and suboptimal benefits from their prescribed medication, which can lead to worsening of medical condition, development of comorbidities, reduced quality of life, elevated health care costs, and increased mortality.Objective: This study aimed to assess medication adherence among patients with diabetes and associated factors in Bisha primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Saudi Arabia.Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 375 type 1 and 2 Saudi diabetic patients attending PHCCs under the Health Affairs of the Bisha governorate. The participants were aged 18 years and above, and had been taking diabetes medications for at least 3 months. Pregnant women, patients with mental illnesses, and those who were not willing to participate were excluded. Adherence to diabetes medications was measured using the four-item Morisky Green Levine Medication Adherence Scale (MGLS). All participants completed a self-report questionnaire including sociodemographic and clinical variables. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out using SPSS version 22.Results: Of all the respondents, 134 (35.7%), 161 (42.9%), and 80 (21.4%), patients had high (MGLS score 0), intermediate (MGLS score 1 or 2), and low adherence (MGLS score ≥3), respectively. Factors associated with the level of adherence in univariate analysis were occupational status (P=0.037), current medication (P<0.001), glycated hemoglobin (A1c) (P<0.001), and number of associated comorbidities (P<0.001). In multivariable analyses, A1c <7 (P<0.001) and no associated comorbidities (P<0.003) variables remained significantly associated with adherence.Conclusion: The level of adherence to medication in diabetes mellitus patients in the Bisha PHCCs was found to be suboptimal. The findings point toward the need for better management of primary health care providers’ approaches to individual patients, by taking into account their medication adherence levels. Better identification of patients’ level of adherence remains essential for successful diabetes treatment. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, medication adherence, patients with diabetes, A1c, Bisha, Saudi Arabi

Adherence to diabetes medication among diabetic patients in the Bisha governorate of Saudi Arabia – a cross-sectional survey [Corrigendum]

Alqarni AM, Alrahbeni T, Al Qarni A, Al Qarni HM. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2019;13:63–71. On page 65, “Data collection” section, second paragraph, should read from “The MGLS was used to assess patient adherence to diabetic medications with permission from the scale owner. The composite four items in this adherence scale were: “Q1: Do you ever forget to take your diabetic medication?”; “Q2: Do you ever have problems remembering to take your diabetic medication?”; …” to “The MGLS was used to assess patient adherence to diabetic medications which is in the public domain. The composite four items in this adherence scale were: “Q1: Do you ever forget to take your diabetic medication?”; “Q2: Are you careless at times about taking your diabetic medication?”;…”  Read the original articl

Numerical Simulation of Cubic-Quartic Optical Solitons with Perturbed Fokas–Lenells Equation Using Improved Adomian Decomposition Algorithm

The current manuscript displays elegant numerical results for cubic-quartic optical solitons associated with the perturbed Fokas–Lenells equations. To do so, we devise a generalized iterative method for the model using the improved Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and further seek validation from certain well-known results in the literature. As proven, the proposed scheme is efficient and possess a high level of accuracy

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