A new processing approach for reducing computational complexity in cloud-RAN mobile networks

Cloud computing is considered as one of the key drivers for the next generation of mobile networks (e.g. 5G). This is combined with the dramatic expansion in mobile networks, involving millions (or even billions) of subscribers with a greater number of current and future mobile applications (e.g. IoT). Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) architecture has been proposed as a novel concept to gain the benefits of cloud computing as an efficient computing resource, to meet the requirements of future cellular networks. However, the computational complexity of obtaining the channel state information in the full-centralized C-RAN increases as the size of the network is scaled up, as a result of enlargement in channel information matrices. To tackle this problem of complexity and latency, MapReduce framework and fast matrix algorithms are proposed. This paper presents two levels of complexity reduction in the process of estimating the channel information in cellular networks. The results illustrate that complexity can be minimized from O(N3) to O((N/k)3), where N is the total number of RRHs and k is the number of RRHs per group, by dividing the processing of RRHs into parallel groups and harnessing the MapReduce parallel algorithm in order to process them. The second approach reduces the computation complexity from O((N/k)3) to O((N/k)2:807) using the algorithms of fast matrix inversion. The reduction in complexity and latency leads to a significant improvement in both the estimation time and in the scalability of C-RAN networks

Security Methods in Internet of vehicles

The emerging wireless communication technology known as vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs) has the potential to both lower the risk of auto accidents caused by drivers and offer a wide range of entertainment amenities. The messages broadcast by a vehicle may be impacted by security threats due to the open-access nature of VANETs. Because of this, VANET is susceptible to security and privacy problems. In order to go beyond the obstacle, we investigate and review some existing researches to secure communication in VANET. Additionally, we provide overview, components in VANET in details

Multi-Order Statistical Descriptors for Real-Time Face Recognition and Object Classification

We propose novel multi-order statistical descriptors which can be used for high speed object classification or face recognition from videos or image sets. We represent each gallery set with a global second-order statistic which captures correlated global variations in all feature directions as well as the common set structure. A lightweight descriptor is then constructed by efficiently compacting the second-order statistic using Cholesky decomposition. We then enrich the descriptor with the first-order statistic of the gallery set to further enhance the representation power. By projecting the descriptor into a low-dimensional discriminant subspace, we obtain further dimensionality reduction, while the discrimination power of the proposed representation is still preserved. Therefore, our method represents a complex image set by a single descriptor having significantly reduced dimensionality. We apply the proposed algorithm on image set and video-based face and periocular biometric identification, object category recognition, and hand gesture recognition. Experiments on six benchmark data sets validate that the proposed method achieves significantly better classification accuracy with lower computational complexity than the existing techniques. The proposed compact representations can be used for real-time object classification and face recognition in videos. 2013 IEEE.This work was supported by NPRP through the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation) under Grant 7-1711-1-312.Scopu

A study on the feeding of shrimp larvae of Macrobrachium nipponense on algae in vitro

Experiments were carried out for the propagation and rearing of Macrobrachium nipponense and its feeding on algae, with the aim of determining the density, survival, and growth of larvae in vitro. Hatched larvae of zoae were reared at a density of 50 zoea/L with algae mixture: Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus sp., Pediastrium sp., Microctinium sp., Navicula sp., Ulothrix sp., Cyclotella sp., Daitoma sp. at three concentrations of 0.5=A, 1.0=B, 1.5=C x 10⁵ cell/ml, and the survival % rates of zoea larvae were 45.00±5.00, 53.33±7.64, 50.00±5.00 respectively. Then, three densities: 25=A, 50=B, 75=C zoea/L were tested by feeding them with the best concentration of 1.0×10⁵ cell/ml for 10 days, with the result being survival % rates were  50.00±5.00, 51.67±7.64, 31.67±7.64, respectively. After that, stage post-larvae were reared at a density of (50=A,100=B, 150=C) Pl/pond and fed with a concentration of 1.0 x 10⁵ cell/ml of the algae mixture for 28 days, which resulted in survival % rates of 48.33±7.64, 40.00±5.00, 33.33±7.64, and this stage, weight was 50.67±2.08, 50.00±2.00, 40.33±2.52mg respectively. The results of the analysis of survival rates for different densities of zoea larvae found significant differences (P < 0.05) between density C and density of both A and B, of which there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between them. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the survival rates of zoea in different concentrations of the selected algae. Also, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the survival rates and weight rate of post-larvae when fed on algae (B)

Glaucoma and Corneal Transplant Procedures

Glaucoma after corneal transplantation is a leading cause of ocular morbidity after penetrating keratoplasty. The incidence reported is highly variable and a number of etiologic factors have been identified. A number of treatment options are available; surgical intervention for IOP control is associated with a high incidence of graft failure. IOP elevation is less frequently seen following deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. Descemet's striping-automated endothelial keratoplasty is also associated with postprocedure intraocular pressure elevation and secondary glaucoma and presents unique surgical challenges in patients with preexisting glaucoma surgeries. Glaucoma exists in up to three-quarters of patients who undergo keratoprosthesis surgery and the management if often challenging. The aim of this paper is to highlight the incidence, etiology, and management of glaucoma following different corneal transplant procedures. It also focuses on the challenges in the diagnosis of glaucoma and intraocular pressure monitoring in this group of patients

SYNTHESIS, ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION, DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY, AND DOCKING STUDIES OF SOME NEW 2-MERCAPTO PYRIMIDINE SCHIFF BASES

Objective: Pyrimidine derivatives are reported to possess antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and anticonvulsant activities. Encouraged by this remarks, we decided to synthesize novel compounds of new 2-macraptopyrimidine linked to Schiffs̕ bases. Methods: The present work involves the synthesis of new 2-mercaptopyrimidine linked to Schiffs̕ bases. The starting, 2-mercaptopyrimidine, compound (1) reacted with thiourea to afford the corresponding 1-(pyrimidin-2-yl) thiourea (2). Then compound (2) was used as the key intermediate to prepare the -1-(2-hydroxy benzylidene)-3-(pyrimidin-2-yl) thiourea (3), and (1-benzylidine)-3-(pyrimidin-2-yl) thiourea (4), through the reaction with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and benzaldehyde, respectively. Results: All the synthesized compounds were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared and1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The synthesized derivatives were screened for their in vitro, antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and four Gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi, and the results showed that most of them have good antibacterial activity. While their antifungal activity against three fungi species (Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terrus and Rhizopus) revealed that compounds (2-4) displayed the most potent antifungal activity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the synthesized 2-mercapto pyrimidine derivatives were conducted, using a molecular structure with optimized geometry. Highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies and structures are demonstrated. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity indicates that compounds (3) and (4) are the most active than the compounds (1) and (2). Molecular docking revealed that compounds (3) and (4), with bulky phenyl groups are essential to blocking the active centers of glucose -6-phosphate synthase in the bacteria and fungi

Quasi-Compactness in Quasi-Banach Spaces

Quasi-compactness in a quasi-Banach space for the sequence space Lp, p< 0 < p <1 has been introduced based on the important extension of Milman's reverse Brunn-Minkowiski inequality by Bastero et al. in 1995. Moreover, Many interesting results connected with quasi-compactness and quasi-completeness in a quasi-normed space, Lp for 0 < p < 1 have been explored. Furthermore, we have shown that, the quasi-normed space under  which condition is a quasi Banach space. Also, we have shown that the space if it is quasi-compact in quasi normed space then it is  quasi Banach  space and the converse is not true. Finally, a sufficient condition of the existence for a quasi-compact operator from Lp -> Lp has been presented and analyzed

Spectrophotometric Assay of some Nitrogen Containing Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations using p-Chloranilic Acid Reagent

A spectrophotometric method is developed for the determination of some drugs containing amino groups (sulfacetamide sodium, lidocaine and terbutaline sulfate) based on their reaction with p-chloranilic acid reagent in an organic medium forming colored charge transfer complexes. The complexes have maximum absorptions at 530 and 527 nm for sulfacetamide sodium and lidocaine respectively, but terbutaline sulfate gave two maximum absorptions at 529 and 319 nm. Beers law is obeyed over the concentration range of 10-60 µg.ml-1 for sulfacetamide sodium and lidocaine and 5-70 µg.ml-1 for terbutaline sulfate. The molar absorptivity values are 0.94—103, 0.913—103 L.mol-1.cm-1 for sulfacetamide sodium and lidocaine respectively while terbutaline sulfate gave 0.987—103 L.mol-1.cm-1 at 529 nm and 7.407—103 L.mol-1.cm-1 at 319 nm with accuracy range between 100.20% and 101.42% and RSD better than 3.15% for all drugs. The method is applied successfully for determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and compared favorably with British Pharmacopeia standard methods. F and t tests are less than the tabulated values at 95% confidence level