How Does Colonial Origin Matter for Economic Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa?

This paper investigates some of the existing hypotheses regarding the transmission of different colonial legacies to modern day economic growth. The fact that different colonial strategies were pursued by different colonizers in various territories suggests possible ramifications for current development paths. This paper attempts to understand why economic growth performance is different even among African countries, where former British colonies appear to do marginally better. It focuses on two key channels of transmission, namely education and trade. Thirty-six sub-Saharan African countries during the period 1960–2000 are considered using Hausman-Taylor estimation techniquein an annualized panel data framework. In contrast with the methodology of previous studieswhere only the initial conditions at independence were held to influence the post-colonialgrowth path, this study attempts to distinguish the direct …/colonial origin, education, institutions, Hausman-Taylor, sub-Saharan Africa

Analysis of Grain Supply Chain Performance Based on Relative Impact of Channel Coordinator's Objectives on Firm Level Objectives

A fuzzy multi-objective programming model is used to analyze the optimal decisions in a multi-objective grain supply chain in which the firm-level firm goals are conflicting with the channel coordinator's goals. The relative impact of the channel coordinator's goals on performance of the supply chain is determined through a linear weighting method. The study finds that prioritizing the channel coordinator's goals enhances the overall performance of the system.Industrial Organization,

Comparative Evaluation of the Performance of Spans of Control Designs in Grain Supply Chains

A fuzzy multi-objective linear programming model is used to analyze the performances of three spans of control designs that are observed in the U.S grain industry. Performance of the grain supply chain increases with amount of control and compromise.Crop Production/Industries,

How does colonial origin matter for economic performance in sub-Saharan Africa?

This paper investigates some of the existing hypotheses regarding the transmission of different colonial legacies to modern day economic growth. The fact that different colonial strategies were pursued by different colonizers in various territories suggests possible ramifications for current development paths. This paper attempts to understand why economic growth performance is different even among African countries, where former British colonies appear to do marginally better. It focuses on two key channels of transmission, namely education and trade. Thirty-six Sub-Saharan African countries during the period 1960 - 2000 are considered using Hausman-Taylor estimation techniquein an annualized panel data framework. In contrast with the methodology of previous studieswhere only the initial conditions at independence were held to influence the post-colonialgrowth path, this study attempts to distinguish the direct influences of colonization from the indirect influences by combining both the initial conditions at independence alongside the subsequent post-independence changes in explaining growth differences amongst former Sub-Saharan African colonies.The results suggest that the indirect influences of colonial educational policies matter more for post-colonial growth than the direct influences

Importance of patients’ care after COVID-19 positive test

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An Assessment of Language Arts Curriculum and Instruction in Some Schools in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

This work, using the Descriptive Survey Design, carried out an assessment of the language arts curriculum and instruction techniques in some schools within Calabar. The population of the study involved all public secondary schools in Calabar, as well as all teachers of English Language, while the sample was made up of three public secondary schools and three English teachers at the Senior Secondary 2 (SS2) level. The instrument used was the Classroom Observation Instrument for Grammar Lessons. Findings revealed that the Certificate English for Senior Secondary Schools Book 2, prescribed for use in all public secondary schools, covers the four basic skills of English and also that teachers use more of the Modified Lecture Method, during grammar lessons, without recourse to instructional materials. Some recommendations were made, based on the findings. Keywords: teaching methods, curriculum, content area, descriptive survey

Information Communications Technology (ICT) Effect on Sustainable Development in Cameroon’s Fragile Economy

This paper looks at how sustainable development is effected and affected by Information Communication Technology (ICT) in Cameroon – West Africa. It highlights some of the socio-economic, political and environmental issues involved in the adoption and use of ICT by Small to Medium size Enterprises (SMEs) and Government Institutions (GI), and the effect on sustainable development. It will attempt to bring some understanding of the peculiarities and challenges faced by SMEs, together with the opportunities to influence societal changes and integration into the digital world

Pursuing the Right to an Effective Remedy for Human Rights Violation(s) In Cameroon: The Need for Legislative Reform

Undoubtedly, global and regional human rights instruments clearly entrench the right to an effective remedy for a human rights violation. The substantive nature of the right to an effective remedy makes it relevant to the realisation of the right to equality as well as the right to equal protection under the law. Cameroon, as a State Party to most of these human rights instruments, is bound to adopt measures aimed at giving effect to the rights contained therein. One of such steps, in my opinion, is the enactment of domestic legislation that defines the content of these rights; stipulates the forums where remedies for human violations could be pursued; specifies what kinds of remedies a victim of a human rights violation would get at the end; and lastly, defines who can access such forums. Unfortunately, the lack of domestic legislation that meets these requirements means the right to an effective remedy for a human rights violation in Cameroon cannot be realised. It is argued in this paper that the critical nature of the right to a remedy, given its bearing on other substantive human rights as well as the protection and promotion of human rights, warrants progressive efforts undertaken by the State in order to give effect to this right. Therefore, the sheer lack of a legislative instrument in this regard makes it very difficult for the pursuit of a right to a remedy when there is a violation of human rights. As evidenced by legislative developments in numerous African States that are States Parties to these international instruments, there is growing consensus that the enactment of domestic legislation that answers the questions of content; forums; outcomes and access is a positive and vital step towards the realisation of the right to an effective remedy for a human rights violation.    &nbsp

The role of traditional healers in oral health care in the Bui Division, North West Province, Cameroon

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)The majority of Cameroonians depend on traditional medicines for their health care needs and about seven per cent of the average household health budget is spent on traditional medicines irrespective of their incomes. The aim of this study was (i) to assess the role of traditional healers (THs) in providing oral care services in Cameroon; (ii) to determine their cost of treatment and to investigate reasons why people visit THs. The present study was cross sectional and consisted of a sample of 21 THs and 52 clients with a history of dental problems. It utilized semi structured questionnaires and photographs to collect data. The mean age of THs was 46.0 years (range 20-77 years). Thirty per cent of THs were above 40 years and the majority males. Nearly a quarter of the THs practiced as herbalists and the remainder practiced both divination and herbalism. More than two thirds of Cameroonians, who patronize THs for their oral health needs, fall within the 20-40 year age group. THs in this region are experienced and enjoy good relationships with hospitals and other THs. However, collaboration between the oral health work force and THs is very poor as only 6% of all patients seen by THs are referred to the dentist. Socio-cultural and economic factors affect the oral health care seeking behavior of patients in this area and only 6.5% of patients visit dental clinics. Reasons for not attending dental clinics included cost, poor accessibility, superstition and fear.South Afric