253 research outputs found

    Distribution des Ă©piphytes de CĂŽte d’Ivoire : effets des zones phytogĂ©ographiques et des variations pluviomĂ©triques

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    La gestion de la diversitĂ© biologique se prĂ©sente comme un dĂ©fi majeur du fait des problĂšmes liĂ©s Ă  la connaissance et Ă  la prĂ©servation des ressources biologiques. Cette Ă©tude est une contribution Ă  une meilleure connaissance de la diversitĂ© vĂ©gĂ©tale de la CĂŽte d’Ivoire Ă  travers celles des Ă©piphytes. Les espĂšces Ă©piphytiques prĂ©sentes dans les Herbiers du CNF (UCJ) et du CSRS ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©es. Ces informations ont Ă©tĂ© complĂ©tĂ©es par une revue bibliographique sur les Ă©piphytes de CĂŽte d’Ivoire. Les donnĂ©es recueillies ont Ă©tĂ© triĂ©es et corrigĂ©es. Les noms et les coordonnĂ©es gĂ©ographiques ont Ă©tĂ© vĂ©rifiĂ©s. La compilation des listes corrigĂ©es a permis d’avoir un nombre d’occurrences des espĂšces recensĂ©es en CĂŽte d’Ivoire avec la position gĂ©ographique pour chaque rĂ©colte. Ces travaux prĂ©sentent 380 espĂšces Ă©piphytiques qui se repartissent entre 110 genres, 32 familles et 21 ordres. Les espĂšces les plus rĂ©coltĂ©es sont : Culcasia scandens (209 occurrences), Culcasia angolensis (180 occurrences), Piper guineense (91 occurrences), Cercestis afzelii (86 occurrences) et Bulbophyllum falcatum (75 occurrences). On rencontre des espĂšces Ă©piphytiques sur tout le territoire ivoirien. NĂ©anmoins, on note de fortes concentrations des rĂ©coltes dans le Sud et l’Ouest montagneux. Les modĂ©lisations et les cartographies effectuĂ©es permettent d’observer que l’espĂšce Culcasia angolensis qui se retrouve uniquement dans les espaces de forĂȘt est certainement plus sensible au stress hydrique. On peut donc dire que Culcasia angolensis ne supporte pas une longue dessiccation comparativement Ă  Culcasia scandens.Mots-clĂ©s : Ă©piphytes, maxent, composition floristique. Distribution of the epiphytes listed in CĂŽte d'Ivoire according to the phyto-geographical zones and rainfall variations'The management of biological diversity is presented as a major challenge because of the problems involved in the knowledge and the safeguarding of the biological resources. This study is a contribution with a better knowledge of plant diversity of the CĂŽte d'Ivoire through those of the epiphytes. The epiphytic species present in the Herbarium of the CNF (UCJ) and the CSRS were listed. This information was supplemented by a bibliographical review on the epiphytes of CĂŽte d'Ivoire. The data collected were sorted and corrected. The names and geographical co-ordinates were checked. The compilation of the corrected lists conducted to census the occurred epiphytes listed in CĂŽte d'Ivoire. A total number of 380 epiphytic species were recorded. They belonged to 110 genera, 32 families and 21 orders. The most collected species were: Culcasia scandens (209 occurrences), Culcasia angolensis (180 occurrences), Piper guineense (91 occurrences), Cercestis afzelii (86 occurrences) and Bulbophyllum falcatum (75 occurrences). Epiphytic species are met in the entire territory of CĂŽte d’Ivoire with a strong concentration in the South and mountainous west region. Modellings and mapping carried out allow us to observe that the species Culcasia angolensis which is found only forests is certainly more sensitive to the hydrous stress. One can thus say that Culcasia angolensis does not support a long desiccation compared to Culcasia scandensKeywords: epiphytes, Maxent, plant species composition

    DiversitĂ© floristique des zones cĂŽtiĂšres pĂąturĂ©es de la CĂŽte d’Ivoire : cas du cordon littoral Port-BouĂ«t-Grand-Bassam (Abidjan)

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    Une Ă©tude floristique a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e sur l’axe Port-BouĂ«t - Grand-Bassam, (Abidjan, CĂŽte d’Ivoire). Elle avait pour objectif de montrer l’intĂ©rĂȘt pastoral de la zone. Les relevĂ©s de vĂ©gĂ©tation ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s suivant la mĂ©thode stigmatiste classique de Braun-Blanquet et la mĂ©thode de tours, afin d’inventorier les espĂšces floristiques prĂ©sentes. L’analyse des relevĂ©s a permis de dĂ©nombrer 190 espĂšces rĂ©parties en 152 genres appartenant Ă  63 familles botaniques. Parmi ces espĂšces, 63 plantes fourragĂšres, soit 33,15 % de la flore totale ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©es. L’indice de diversitĂ© de Shannon pour l’ensemble de la zone d’étude est 4,43. Certaines espĂšces fourragĂšres, telles que Andropogon canaliculatus, Eriosema glomeratum, Stylosanthes fruticosa, qui sont trĂšs appĂ©tĂ©es par les bovins, sont considĂ©rĂ©es comme des espĂšces productrices. L’ensemble de ces espĂšces Ă  potentialitĂ© fourragĂšre, confĂšre Ă  la zone d’étude un intĂ©rĂȘt pastoral.Mots clĂ©s : flore, fourrage, zone pastorale, zone cĂŽtiĂšre, CĂŽte d’Ivoire

    Effet de la teneur en protĂ©ines alimentaires sur la croissance de l’escargot terrestre Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821)

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    Deux cent vingt-cinq escargots Archachatina marginata, ĂągĂ©s d’environ trois jours, ont Ă©tĂ© soumis Ă  deux rĂ©gimes constituĂ©s de fourrages verts (R1 et R2) et trois rĂ©gimes concentrĂ©s de farines (R3, R4 et R5) avec des teneurs en protĂ©ine variables [10,5% (R3); 14% (R4) et 17,5% (R5)], pendant 50 semaines d’élevage en milieu expĂ©rimental. Ce travail vise Ă  Ă©tudier l’effet du rĂ©gime et de la teneur en protĂ©ine brute alimentaire sur la croissance de l’escargot Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821) en captivitĂ©. Le rĂ©gime R1 est constituĂ© de Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae), de Carica papaya  (Caricaceae), Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae), de Cecropia peltata (Moraceae), Laportea aestuans (Urticaceae) et de Phaulopsis falcisepala (Acanthaceae). Le rĂ©gime R2, en plus des feuilles utilisĂ©es pour le rĂ©gime R1, est additionnĂ© de feuilles de Leucena leucocephala (Fabaceae-Mimosoideae), une plante relativement riche en protĂ©ines. Les performances de croissances  pondĂ©rale et coquilliĂšre ainsi que les taux de survie des escargots soumis aux rĂ©gimes concentrĂ©s riches en protĂ©ine ont Ă©tĂ© nettement meilleures que ceux soumis aux rĂ©gimes constituĂ©s de fourrages verts relativement pauvres en protĂ©ine. La croissance pondĂ©rale s’est amĂ©liorĂ©e avec l’augmentation de la teneur en protĂ©ine de l’aliment concentrĂ©. Ainsi, le meilleur poids vif final (216,27 g) est prĂ©sentĂ© par les escargots soumis au rĂ©gime concentrĂ© R5 (17,5% de protĂ©ine) et le plus  faible (103,8 g) par le rĂ©gime vĂ©gĂ©tal R1 (2,75% de protĂ©ine) sans L. leucocephala. Le rĂ©gime vĂ©gĂ©tal R2 contenant les feuilles de L. leucocephala Ă  un taux de  37,78% a causĂ© le plus de mortalitĂ©. En revanche, Les escargots soumis aux rĂ©gimes concentrĂ©s ont prĂ©sentĂ© les plus faibles taux de mortalitĂ© (6,67% pour R3; 4,44% pour R4 et 6,67% pour R5). L’étude a montrĂ© que la protĂ©ine est un nutriment indispensable qui contribue Ă  amĂ©liorer notablement la croissance de cet  escargot. A un taux de 17,5%, les animaux ont prĂ©sentĂ© au bout de 50 semaines d’élevage, un poids vif moyen de 216,27 ± 9,28 g, une longueur moyenne  coquilliĂšre de 12,14 ± 0,63 cm. Aussi, les feuilles de L. leucocephala fraĂźches causent-elles assez de mortalitĂ© chez les naissains et les juvĂ©niles.Mots clĂ©s: Alimentation, Ă©levage, croissance, mollusque, taux de survie

    Effet du rĂ©gime et de la teneur en protĂ©ines brutes alimentaires sur le rendement en viande de l’escargot Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1720)

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    Le rendement en viande de l’escargot A. fulica soumis Ă  deux rĂ©gimes vĂ©gĂ©taux de fourrages verts (R1 et R2) et 3 rĂ©gimes concentrĂ©s de farines (R3, R4 et R5) avec diffĂ©rentes teneurs en protĂ©ines (10,5%; 14% et 17,5%), a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ© aprĂšs 50 semaines d’élevage en milieu expĂ©rimental. Le rĂ©gime R1 est constituĂ© de lactuca sativa (Asteraceae), de carica papaya (Caricaceae), Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae), de Cecropia peltata (Moraceae), Laportea aestuans (Urticaceae) et de Phaulopsis falcisepala (Acanthaceae). Le rĂ©gime R2, en plus des feuilles utilisĂ©es pour le rĂ©gime R1, est additionnĂ© de feuilles de Leucena leucocephala (Fabaceae-Mimosoideae), une plante relativement riche en protĂ©ines. Les animaux soumis aux rĂ©gimes constituĂ©s de fourrages verts ont prĂ©sentĂ© des quantitĂ©s de chair consommables (52,58 g pour R1 et 57,90 g pour R2) plus faibles que celles de ceux soumis aux rĂ©gimes concentrĂ©s de farine [62,88 g (R3); 76,81 g (R4) et 85,45 g (R5)]. Le rĂ©gime R5 prĂ©sentant la plus forte teneur en protĂ©ines (17,5%), a induit la plus importante quantitĂ© de chair consommable (85,45 g). En revanche, la plus faible quantitĂ© de viande est fournie par les escargots soumis au rĂ©gime vĂ©gĂ©tal R1 sans L. leucocephala avec la plus faible teneur en protĂ©ines (2,75%). Ainsi, la quantitĂ© de viande des escargots, s’est accrue avec la teneur en protĂ©ines du rĂ©gime alimentaire.Mots clĂ©s: A. fulica, rĂ©gime alimentaire, protĂ©ines, performance de croissance, chair consommable

    Itineraires Therapeutiques Pluriels Et Recours Tardif Des Malades De L’ulcere De Buruli Dans Les Centres De Prise En Charge Dans Le District Sanitaire De Yamoussoukro (Cîte d’Ivoire)

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    Buruli ulcer is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. It begins with a lump, swelling, skin plate and progresses to severe ulceration and disabling sequelae . For over a decade, it is a real public health problem in CĂŽte d'Ivoire. The institutions responsible for the fight against this disease advocate for patients in endemic areas early case detection and immediate recourse to specialized care centers. Despite this recommendation, the therapeutic itinerary of patients is multimodal. This study aims to analyze the therapeutic itinerary plural sick of Buruli ulcer and to determine the factors that justify the paradoxes and contradictions between state recommendations and behaviors of patients. It took place in three support centers in the health district of yamoussoukro. In a qualitative approach, with observation checklists, interview guides, this study was conducted with 50 patients, 18 healers in the care center and 4 traditional healers. Patients rely successively, alternatively or additionally to the African medicine and care center. Traditional medicine is the first therapeutic choice for most patients. The proximity of traditional healer, cultural beliefs and representations related to the disease, the constraints of hospitalization, ignorance of the disease make account plural therapeutic itineraries sick of Buruli ulcer.The patients do not adhere to early detection and immediate access to health care centers. Free medical care for Buruli ulcer is fraught with difficulties because of patient behaviors. The hospital management does not consider the social environment of patients and the relationship between the disease and culture that influence the therapeutic itinerary of patients

    Small-scale field evaluation of PermaNetŸ Dual (a long-lasting net coated with a mixture of chlorfenapyr and deltamethrin) against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from Tiassalé, CÎte d'Ivoire

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    BACKGROUND: Due to the rapid expansion of pyrethroid-resistance in malaria vectors in Africa, Global Plan for Insecticide Resistance Management (GPIRM) has recommended the development of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), containing insecticide mixtures of active ingredients with different modes of action to mitigate resistance and improve LLIN efficacy. This good laboratory practice (GLP) study evaluated the efficacy of the chlorfenapyr and deltamethrin-coated PermaNet((R)) Dual, in comparison with the deltamethrin and synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-treated PermaNet((R)) 3.0 and the deltamethrin-coated PermaNet((R)) 2.0, against wild free-flying pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.), in experimental huts in Tiassale, Cote d'Ivoire (West Africa). METHODS: PermaNet((R)) Dual, PermaNet((R)) 3.0 and PermaNet((R)) 2.0, unwashed and washed (20 washes), were tested against free-flying pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.l. in the experimental huts in Tiassale, Cote d'Ivoire from March to August 2020. Complementary laboratory cone bioassays (daytime and 3-min exposure) and tunnel tests (nightly and 15-h exposure) were performed against pyrethroid-susceptible An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) (Kisumu strain) and pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.l. (Tiassale strain). RESULTS: PermaNet((R)) Dual demonstrated significantly improved efficacy, compared to PermaNet((R)) 3.0 and PermaNet((R)) 2.0, against the pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.l. Indeed, the experimental hut trial data showed that the mortality and blood-feeding inhibition in the wild pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.l. were overall significantly higher with PermaNet((R)) Dual compared with PermaNet((R)) 3.0 and PermaNet((R)) 2.0, for both unwashed and washed samples. The mortality with unwashed and washed samples were 93.6 +/- 0.2% and 83.2 +/- 0.9% for PermaNet((R)) Dual, 37.5 +/- 2.9% and 14.4 +/- 3.9% for PermaNet((R)) 3.0, and 7.4 +/- 5.1% and 11.7 +/- 3.4% for PermaNet((R)) 2.0, respectively. Moreover, unwashed and washed samples produced the respective percentage blood-feeding inhibition of 41.4 +/- 6.9% and 43.7 +/- 4.8% with PermaNet((R)) Dual, 51.0 +/- 5.7% and 9.8 +/- 3.6% with PermaNet((R)) 3.0, and 12.8 +/- 4.3% and - 13.0 +/- 3.6% with PermaNet((R)) 2.0. Overall, PermaNet((R)) Dual also induced higher or similar deterrence, exophily and personal protection when compared with the standard PermaNet((R)) 3.0 and PermaNet((R)) 2.0 reference nets, with both unwashed and washed net samples. In contrast to cone bioassays, tunnel tests predicted the efficacy of PermaNet((R)) Dual seen in the current experimental hut trial. CONCLUSION: The deltamethrin-chlorfenapyr-coated PermaNet((R)) Dual induced a high efficacy and performed better than the deltamethrin-PBO PermaNet((R)) 3.0 and the deltamethrin-only PermaNet((R)) 2.0, testing both unwashed and 20 times washed samples against the pyrethroid-susceptible and resistant strains of An. gambiae s.l. The inclusion of chlorfenapyr with deltamethrin in PermaNet((R)) Dual net greatly improved protection and control of pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae populations. PermaNet((R)) Dual thus represents a promising tool, with a high potential to reduce malaria transmission and provide community protection in areas compromised by mosquito vector resistance to pyrethroids

    Small-scale field evaluation of PermaNet Âź Dual (a long-lasting net coated with a mixture of chlorfenapyr and deltamethrin) against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from TiassalĂ©, CĂŽte d’Ivoire

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    Background: Due to the rapid expansion of pyrethroid-resistance in malaria vectors in Africa, Global Plan for Insecticide Resistance Management (GPIRM) has recommended the development of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), containing insecticide mixtures of active ingredients with different modes of action to mitigate resistance and improve LLIN efficacy. This good laboratory practice (GLP) study evaluated the efficacy of the chlorfenapyr and deltamethrin-coated PermaNetÂź Dual, in comparison with the deltamethrin and synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-treated PermaNetÂź 3.0 and the deltamethrin-coated PermaNetÂź 2.0, against wild free-flying pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.), in experimental huts in TiassalĂ©, CĂŽte d’Ivoire (West Africa). Methods: PermaNetÂź Dual, PermaNetÂź 3.0 and PermaNetÂź 2.0, unwashed and washed (20 washes), were tested against free-flying pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.l. in the experimental huts in TiassalĂ©, CĂŽte d’Ivoire from March to August 2020. Complementary laboratory cone bioassays (daytime and 3-min exposure) and tunnel tests (nightly and 15-h exposure) were performed against pyrethroid-susceptible An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) (Kisumu strain) and pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.l. (TiassalĂ© strain). Results: PermaNetÂź Dual demonstrated significantly improved efficacy, compared to PermaNetÂź 3.0 and PermaNetÂź 2.0, against the pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.l. Indeed, the experimental hut trial data showed that the mortality and blood-feeding inhibition in the wild pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.l. were overall significantly higher with PermaNetÂź Dual compared with PermaNetÂź 3.0 and PermaNetÂź 2.0, for both unwashed and washed samples. The mortality with unwashed and washed samples were 93.6 ± 0.2% and 83.2 ± 0.9% for PermaNetÂź Dual, 37.5 ± 2.9% and 14.4 ± 3.9% for PermaNetÂź 3.0, and 7.4 ± 5.1% and 11.7 ± 3.4% for PermaNetÂź 2.0, respectively. Moreover, unwashed and washed samples produced the respective percentage blood-feeding inhibition of 41.4 ± 6.9% and 43.7 ± 4.8% with PermaNetÂź Dual, 51.0 ± 5.7% and 9.8 ± 3.6% with PermaNetÂź 3.0, and 12.8 ± 4.3% and − 13.0 ± 3.6% with PermaNetÂź 2.0. Overall, PermaNetÂź Dual also induced higher or similar deterrence, exophily and personal protection when compared with the standard PermaNetÂź 3.0 and PermaNetÂź 2.0 reference nets, with both unwashed and washed net samples. In contrast to cone bioassays, tunnel tests predicted the efficacy of PermaNetÂź Dual seen in the current experimental hut trial. Conclusion: The deltamethrin-chlorfenapyr-coated PermaNetÂź Dual induced a high efficacy and performed better than the deltamethrin-PBO PermaNetÂź 3.0 and the deltamethrin-only PermaNetÂź 2.0, testing both unwashed and 20 times washed samples against the pyrethroid-susceptible and resistant strains of An. gambiae s.l. The inclusion of chlorfenapyr with deltamethrin in PermaNetÂź Dual net greatly improved protection and control of pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae populations. PermaNetÂź Dual thus represents a promising tool, with a high potential to reduce malaria transmission and provide community protection in areas compromised by mosquito vector resistance to pyrethroids

    A new method to determine the diet of pygmy hippopotamus in Taï National Park, Cîte d’Ivoire

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    This research was funded by “Fond des donations” of the University of NeuchĂątel and the “Willy MĂŒller Award” of the Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en CĂŽte d’Ivoire.Diet determination of endangered species is an essential element in defining successful conservation strategies and optimising captive breeding programmes. In this study, we developed a new diet identification system, derived from standard faecal analysis, to determine the diet of an elusive and endangered herbivore, the pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis). We collected faecal samples from 10 free-ranging individuals covering a combined home range area of about 50 km2 in TaĂŻ National Park, CĂŽte d’Ivoire. In subsequent laboratory analyses, we extracted a large number of leaf epidermis fragments from spatially separated faecal samples and compared them with a reference plant database. Using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) of epidermis fragments combined with direct visual inspection, we identified the most frequently consumed plant species, which revealed that pygmy hippopotami qualified as intermediate feeders. Their diet was based on at least seven species of monocotyledonae, dicotyledonae and fern groups, with a preference for a small number of other plant species. We evaluate the merit of our method and discuss our findings for developing effective conservation and captive breeding strategies in an endangered species with a wild population of less than 2500 adult individuals.PostprintPeer reviewe
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