Research Article Reduction in Pollutants Emission by Increase in Renewable Penetration: A Case Study

Abstract: For environmental friendly electricity supply system, the global utilization of Renewable Energy Resources (RES) and Distributed Energy Storage (DES) facilities is increasing rapidly. The environmental benefits possible when utilizing renewable power generation along with the conventional power production are analyzed here. Considerable amounts of pollutants emission from power generation based on fossil fuels can be reduced with high penetration of RES. The aim of this study is to increase the awareness on the benefits achieved by the utilization of renewable power. A generalized model for analyzing the impacts of renewable penetration on the amount of pollutants emission from hybrid plants is proposed here with a case study. It is concluded that the RES based power generation can play a vital role for green and clean energy production

Performance of High Voltage Protective Air Gaps in Desert Environment

Rod-rod and multiple rod gaps are used for overvoltage protection of various power system apparatus. These are mostly located outdoors and are subjected to dust and sand particulate contamination in desert lands. This paper discusses the influence of these pollutants on the breakdown voltage and breakdown time of protective rod gaps. The tested gaps include single rod-rod gaps as well as multiple rod-rod gaps in series. The rod radius and its end profile are changed to find the rod configuration which is least affected by dust pollution. In addition several practical protective gaps that are used across transformer bushings are also tested to check their performance in clean and dust polluted conditions. It is found that such pollution drastically changes the breakdown voltage as well as the breakdown time. Specific recommendations are made concerning the choice of suitable protective rod gap configuration and gap spacings which depend upon geographical location

Environmental friendly power dispatch in Saudi Arabia with renewable energy and energy storage

Optimization of the total amount of pollutants emitted from the hybrid power plants is the main objective of the Environmental Friendly Dispatch (EFD). The EFD problem decides the amount of generation to be allocated to each generating unit including renewable sources so that the total emission of polluting gases is minimized without violating the system constraints. This type of optimization becomes more efficient in countries like Saudi Arabia where high potential of crude oil and renewable resources exists. This paper considers the problem of EFD for hybrid power system including solar, wind and the storage. High potential of solar and wind in Saudi Arabia ensures the availability of renewable sources to some extent. A consistent optimum EFD can be obtained by extracting maximum renewable energy during the available period and using it for both available and unavailable periods with the aid of energy storage. This paper illustrates the optimization of EFD with renewable storage using MATLAB simulation. The simulations have been done using IEEE-30 test bus data with 6 generators

Generation schedule at hybrid power plant with solar power and energy storage

Power generation using Hybrid Power Plants (HPP), consisting of thermal, renewable and energy storage units are become popular nowadays due to the dwindling supply of fossil fuels as well as concerns about global warming. Moreover, the rapid advancements in Renewable Energy (RE) and Energy Storage (ES) technologies suggest that the future power system scheduling strategies would be incomplete if RE and ES units are not modelled. Unit Commitment Problem (UCP) for HPP in the presence of solar power and energy storage facility is formulated in this paper. The proposed UCP is analyzed using MATLAB employing dynamic programming method. The results show that the approach is timely, useful and can help in the future power plant scheduling strategies

Electromagnetic interference from transmission lines located in central region of Saudi Arabia.

The electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by transmission lines operating in the central region of Saudi Arabia is reported. These lines have operating voltages of 132, 230 and 380 kV and are located in a hot, dry arid desert land where precipitation is very low. Measurements of typical EMI characteristics such as frequency spectrum, lateral profile and statistical variation are performed for each type of line, and the results are analyzed. It is found that general noise characteristsic of these lines are similar to those reported in the literature for lines located in relatively wet environments. The presence of sand and dust storms does not increase the EMI level appreciably. The fair-weather EMI level of these lines can be predicted with reasonable accuracy by using the CIGRE formula. Results are also presented for power-line-carrier-related EMI.IEEE

Optimization of pollution emission in power dispatch including renewable energy and energy storage,"

Abstract: Electric power dispatch with minimal pollutants emission is a major challenge for power system operators. One of the main objectives of Economic/Environmental Dispatch (EED) and Environmental Friendly Dispatch (EFD) is to optimize the amount of pollutants emitted from the hybrid power plants. The optimization problems determine the amount of optimum generation to be allocated to each generating unit including renewable sources without violating system constraints while minimizing the pollutants. EED is an important multi objective problem which minimizes both the fuel cost of generation and the amount of pollutants emission while EFD has the single objective of optimizing the amount of pollutants emission only. EED and EFD are especially more useful tools in areas that have high potential of renewable energy. Optimum EED and EFD can be obtained by extracting maximum renewable energy during their availability periods and then using this renewable energy for both available and unavailable periods with the aid of energy storage. This study illustrates the optimization of EED and EFD with renewable energy and energy storage. MATLAB simulations are performed using IEEE-30 test bus data with 6 generators to illustrate the benefits of renewable energy and energy storage in reducing the unwanted pollutants emission

Optical characterization of non-thermal plasma jet energy carriers for effective catalytic processing of industrial wastewaters

Abstract An argon plasma jet was sustained in open air and characterized for its chemical composition. The optically characterized plasma jet was used to treat industrial wastewater containing mixed textile dyes and heavy metals. Since plasma jet produces UV-radiations, the photocatalytic TiO2 was used to enhance plasma treatment efficiency especially for degradation of dyes. Mixed anatase and rutile phases of TiO2 (5.2–8.5 nm) were produced through surfactant assisted sol–gel approach. The emission spectrum confirmed the presence of excited argon, OH, excited nitrogen, excited oxygen, ozone and nitric oxide in the plasma jet. The spectral lines of excited Ar, NO, O3, OH−, N2, $${\mathrm{N}}_{2}^{+}$$ N 2 + , O, $${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{+}$$ O 2 + and O+ species were observed at wavelength of 695–740 nm, 254.3 nm, 307.9 nm, 302–310 nm, 330–380 nm, 390–415 nm, 715.6 nm, 500–600 nm and 400–500 nm. These reactive species decompose the organic pollutants and separate the heavy metals from the water samples. The conductivity of plasma exposed water samples increased while pH and hardness decreased. The atomic absorption spectrophotometry analysis confirmed the presence of heavy metals in the samples, which were effectively removed through plasma treatment. Finally, the effect of plasma treatment on Staphylococcus aureus strains was more pronounced than Escherichia coli strains