Nonparametric checks for count data models: an application to demand for health care in Spain

This paper presents model specification checking procedures for count data regression models which are consistent in the direction of nonparametric alternatives. The discussion is motivated in the context of a model of demand for health care in Spain. The parameters of the regression model are estimated by maximum likelihood based on Poisson and Negative Binomial specifications as well as by ordinary least squares and semiparametric generalized least squares. However, our interest is not only centered on the estimation ofthe regression parameters, but also the conditional probabilities of counts. Therefore, the specification of the conditional distribution function of counts is the main focus of attention. A useful preliminary diagnosis tool consists of comparing the conditional probabilities estimates by nonparametric regression and by maximum likelihood methods based on alternative models. We present formal specification procedures based on new developed testing methods for regression model checking. The test statistics are based on marked empirical processes which are not distribution free, but their critical values are well approximated by bootstrap. Such tests are valid for testing the functional form of the conditional mean and conditional probabilities resulting from alternative distributional specifications. In our health care demand model, the linear exponential regression model with a Negative Binomial seems to be appropiate for this data set

Rotura traumática del colédoco

En el presente trabajo se describe un caso de rotura traumática del conducto colédoco, su diagnóstico, así como su tratamiento y evolución.The authours present in this article a case about a traumatic fracture of choledoco; diagnosis, treatment and evolution

Más allá de los autoinformes: una revisión sistemática sobre el uso de medidas implícitas de las actitudes hacia la violencia de género en España

El estudio de las actitudes hacia la violencia contra las mujeres y de género ha despertado mucho interés, y se ha llevado a cabo, habitualmente, con medidas explícitas (encuestas y autoinformes). Para determinar el nivel uso de las medidas implícitas en el estudio de las actitudes hacia estas violencias, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura al respecto. La búsqueda en las principales bases de datos permitió identificar 54 registros cuyo análisis mostró que las investigaciones que emplean estas medidas implícitas se han centrado, principalmente, en agresiones sexuales hacia menores y actitudes hacia la violencia en general. Las formas específicas de violencia contra las mujeres (como violencia en la pareja, o agresiones sexuales) han sido temas menos estudiados, y, cuando lo han sido, más que analizar actitudes sociales hacia ellas, se han abordado otros objetivos (como analizar los estereotipos, o contrastar la efectividad de la intervención con maltratadores).The study of attitudes towards violence against women and gender has aroused great interest, and has been carried out, usually, with explicit measures (surveys and self-reports). To determine the level of use of implicit measures in the study of attitudes towards these violences, a systematic review of the literature was carried out. The search in the main databases identified 54 records, whose analysis allow us affirm that use these implicit measures have focused, mainly, on sexual assaults towards minors and attitudes toward violence in general. The specific forms of violence against women have been less studied topics, and, when they have been, rather than analysing social attitudes towards them, other objectives have been addressed (such as analysing stereotypes, or contrasting the effectiveness of the intervention with abusers)

Fibrohistiocitoma maligno óseo tras degeneración de enfermedad de Paget Caso clínico y revisión de la literatura

El fibrohistiocitoma maligno óseo es un tumor de estirpe mesenquimal poco frecuente, pero de alta agresividad. Se suele presentar de forma primaria, aunque a veces lo hace sobre lesiones previas en el hueso. Puede ser difícil de diferenciar histológicamente de otros tumores, pero es una entidad propia desde el punto de vista anatomopatológico. Presentamos un paciente con enfermedad de Paget que desarrolló un fibrohistiocitoma maligno óseo en el fémur sobre el hueso pagético. Fue tratado mediante desarticulación de cadera. No se usó quimioterapia como tratamiento coadyuvante debido a su avanzada edad y situación basal. A los 18 meses se encuentra asintomático y sin signos de recurrencia. Se hace una revisión de la literatura acerca de este tumor.Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone is a rare but highly agressive mesenchimal tumor. It usually arises as a primary tumor but sometimes it can be associated with pre-existing bone abnormalities. Histologically it can be missdiagnosed with other tumors. We report a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone in the femur in a patient with Paget's disease treated by hip desarticulation. We didn't use chemotherapy because his elderly status. At 18 months follow up, the patient is symptom-free and neither local recurrence nor metastasis have been found. A review of the literature has been carried out

Baldwin: Estrategia de liderazgo en costos en una industria recesiva

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar el análisis de las decisiones tomadas en el simulador de negocios Capstone de parte de los autores del documento, plasmando con ello, los conocimientos adquiridos en la maestría de Administración de empresas por el ITESO, dicho ejercicio tiene como fin definir e implementar una estrategia que involucra áreas de mercadotecnia, producción, recursos humanos, finanzas, gestión de la calidad, así como investigación y desarrollo, compitiendo por se ser líder dentro de la industria. El primer capítulo contiene el marco teórico en el que se exponen fundamentos básicos sobre gestión, planeación de la estrategia y modelos de negocio, aterrizados en distintos casos de estudio en empresas de diferentes industrias. En el segundo se aborda el funcionamiento del simulador, así como la definición de la estrategia, las bases de la empresa y el modelo de negocio a seguir de Baldwin. Los capítulos tres al seis se muestra un análisis bienal de las decisiones que los directivos de la empresa tomaron en el trascurso de ocho años simulados y se hace una comparación contra su principal competidor en la industria y el resto del mercado con base en la metodología del Balanced Scorecard definido para evaluar los resultados de la organización.ITESO, A.C

Enantiosensitive growth dynamics of chiral molecules on ferromagnetic substrates and the origin of the CISS effect

The recent demonstration of the existence of an intimate relationship between the chiral structure of some materials and the spin polarization of electrons transmitted through them, what has been called the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect, is sparking interest in many related phenomena. One of the most notorious is the possibility of using magnetic materials to apply enantioselective interactions on chiral molecules and chemical reactions involving them. In this work, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to characterize the adsorption and growth kinetics of enantiopure organic molecules on magnetic (Co) and non-magnetic (Cu) substrates. While on these latter, no significant enantiosensitive effects are found, on spin-polarized, in-plane magnetized Co surfaces, the two enantiomers have been found to deposit differently. The observed effects have been interpreted as the result of one of the enantiomers being adsorbed in a transient, weakly bound physisorbed-like state with higher mobility due to limited, spin-selective charge transfer between it and the substrate. The study of these phenomena can provide insight into the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the CISS effectThis work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through Grant Nos. TED2021-131042B-I00 and PID2021-123295NB-I0

Multiple odontogenic abscesses. Thoracic and abdomino-perineal extensión in an immuno competent patient

Introduction: Odontogenic infection (OI) may lead to death if it extends beyond the buccal area. The virulence of pathogens and the local and systemic status of the patient influence the propagation of the pathogen, either by anatomical continuity or haemematogenous dissemination. Several severe complications derived from OI have been reported in the head, neck and chest. However, OI with an abdominal component, caused by bacteraemia with dental foci or the direct passage of pus from the thorax to the abdomen, are unusual. Case report: We present the case of a young immunocompetent woman who, after false cure of an odontogenic abscess, again reported gynaecological symptoms. A network of connected abdomino-perineal, thoracic and cervical abscesses was discovered. Discussion: The peculiarity and severity of this case is a reminder that treatment of an abscessed OI should include intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics, together with surgical drainage of the purulent collections. Samples should be taken for culture and an antibiogram in order to use specific antibiotics if the initial empirical therapy shows resistance. The diagnosis and follow-up should be by CT, which in our patient showed anatomical continuity of the abscesses from the dental focus. The time sequence of the symptoms, in the absence of any other infectious cause, revealed the descending odontogenic nature of the process. © Medicina Oral S. L

Evaluación económica de los compromises de Colombia en el marco de COP21

The document presents the economic impacts from the fulfillment of Colombia’s commitment of the Paris Agreement on climate change. The traditional analysis is done with marginal curves of abatement costs. However, this technique has a set of limitations, which can be solved with a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Using the CGE for Colombia (MEG4C), the results show that growth rate of GDP would increase by 0.15% annually, for the period 2020-2040. On the other hand, the structural unemployment rate is reduced by the implementation of mitigation measures in the medium and long term. Due to the economic structure and the emissions matrix, the implementation of measures should be associated with energy efficiency in the transport, industrial and residential sectors, which will generate positive impacts on economic growth. © 2017, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economia. All rights reserved

FAS system deregulation in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma

The acquisition of resistance towards FAS-mediated apoptosis may be required for tumor formation. Tumors from various histological origins exhibit FAS mutations, the most frequent being hematological malignancies. However, data regarding FAS mutations or FAS signaling alterations are still lacking in precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas (T-LBLs). The available data on acute lymphoblastic leukemia, of precursor origin as well, indicate a low frequency of FAS mutations but often report a serious reduction in FAS-mediated apoptosis as well as chemoresistance, thus suggesting the occurrence of mechanisms able to deregulate the FAS signaling pathway, different from FAS mutation. Our aim at this study was to determine whether FAS-mediated apoptotic signaling is compromised in human T-LBL samples and the mechanisms involved. This study on 26 T-LBL samples confirms that the FAS system is impaired to a wide extent in these tumors, with 57.7% of the cases presenting any alteration of the pathway. A variety of mechanisms seems to be involved in such alteration, in order of frequency the downregulation of FAS, the deregulation of other members of the pathway and the occurrence of mutations at FAS. Considering these results together, it seems plausible to think of a cumulative effect of several alterations in each T-LBL, which in turn may result in FAS/FASLG system deregulation. Since defective FAS signaling may render the T-LBL tumor cells resistant to apoptotic cell death, the correct prognosis, diagnosis and thus the success of anticancer therapy may require such an in-depth knowledge of the complete scenario of FAS-signaling alterations.S