Reaction times of punching movements in female collegiate karate athletes based on ground reaction forces and kinematics : Focus on kumite international level athlete

The purpose of this study was to clarify the reaction times of karate athletes against opponents based on kinetics and kinematics in karate kumite. In addition, the reaction times of international, university and kata athletes are compared to examine the characteristics of international-level athletes. Thirteen female university karate athletes (kumite international level：n＝2, kumite university level：n＝6, kata：n＝5) participated in this study. Fourteen motion capture cameras and three force plates were used to record kizami-tsuki and gyaku-thuki movements to LED light stimuli and the opponent’s movement. Kinetics and kinematics analysis showed no differences in reaction times od LED light stimuli between kumite, kata and competition levels. But international level kumite athletes tended to have the shorter reaction times against opponent’s movement. In conclusion, these results suggest that kumite international level athletes have an excellent ability to predict and estimate the movements of their opponents

Biomechanical study on the sticking region during the back squat exercise

This study aimed to determine the cause of the sticking region (SR) that occurs in the back squat (BS) from biomechanical analysis. Six male college weightlifters (age：20.5±2.2 years, height：173.4±7.6 cm, weight：79.3±16.9 kg, 1RM：149±27.4 kg) performed one rep. with different loads (0, 30, 50, 70, 90, 100% 1RM) and BS without counter movement (0, 30, 50, 70, 90%1RM) for one rep. followed by BS exhaustion trial at 70%1RM. We calculated barbell velocity, joint angles, angular velocity, moments, and power in the lifting phase. Identification of SR became more pronounced with increased loading. In SR phase during BS, ankle plantar flexion angular velocity and power and knee joint extension angular decreased. On the other hand, knee joint extension power decreased in the middle phase. These results suggest that the appearance of SR might be related to moment and power attenuations in knee joint during BS exercise

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