Design of Improved Transmit Beamformer for Mobile Communications

Considering a wireless CDMA (code division multiple access) communication system over the multipath fading channel, the spatio-temporal processing at receiver seems quite beneficial because it could alleviate the fading effect and suppress various interferences over space and time domains simultaneously. The aim of receive beamforming is to form a spatial filter that passes the desired signals and suppress unwanted components. By contrast, the aim of transmit beamforming is to launch a signal into a propagation environment so that each receiver gets its desired signal without crosstalk from the signals intended for other receivers. In this thesis, we propose a new downlink beamforming algorithm for array antenna in FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) environments. In a transmit mode, the antenna array at the base station needs to know the downlink channels as a means of optimizing its beampatterns. In a time division duplex (TDD) system, channel reciprocity provides a straightforward means of downlink channel estimation. For FDD, the presence of angle spread and delay spread causes a dramatic difference in the uplink and downlink channel vectors. Using the uplink signals to estimate the instantaneous downlink channel is not feasible in FDD systems for rich multipath channels typical in urban and suburban environments. It was proposed that the new algorithm for correcting of a weak of point in FDD. In the proposed method it was estimated that the directions and power spectrum of the received signals, and construct the spatial covariance matrix at the downlink carrier frequency. To obtain the weight vector for beamforming, it is used that the criterion to be maximized by the SINR. The transmitted signal with the obtained weight vector has the multi-beam in each multi-path direction and the receiver forms the optimized beam in the wanted direction through the composition. The proposed method was compared with the conventional method to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. To see the BER curve among the simulation results, it is confirmed that the proposed method has the improved capability (3 dB~5 dB) at the point 10^-5목차 기호표 = iii 약어표 = iv Abstract = v 제1장 서론 = 1 제2장 기존의 송신 빔 형성 기법 = 3 2-1 궤환을 이용한 송신 빔 형성 기법 = 3 2-2 조향 벡터를 이용한 송신 빔 형성 기법 = 6 2-3 부공간을 이용한 송신 빔 형성 = 6 2-4 Pseudo-inverse DOA(Direction-Of-Arrival) 방법 = 8 2-5 Pseudo-inverse signal signature (SS) 방법 = 8 2-6 원하는 사용자 신호의 파워를 최대화하는 방법 = 10 2-7 고정된 빔을 갖는 빔 형성기 = 11 제3장 제안한 송신 빔 형성 알고리즘 = 13 3-1 하향 링크 빔 형성 과정 = 13 3-2 제안한 송신 빔 형성 알고리즘 = 16 제4장 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 및 시뮬레이터 구현 = 19 4-1 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 및 성능 고찰 = 19 4-2 범용 DSP 프로세서를 이용한 시뮬레이터 구현 = 27 (1) TMS320C31의 내부 구조 = 27 (2) 메모리의 확장 = 31 (3) 어셈블리 프로그램 작성 및 성능 평가 = 33 제5장 결론 = 34 참고문헌 = 3

Regional Analysis for the Bases of Rural Development Planning: A Case Study of Namwon Region

The recent growth of Korean Economy has resulted in uneven development between urban and rural areas. Future development planning must be directed toward the functional integration of a local urban center with its rural surroundings forming a self-contained region as a whole. The present study explores a framework for the regional analysis. This can yield information relevant to the planning purposes. Four dimensions of a region should be the basics of the research framework; potential resources, characteristics of the settlement system, internal and external regional linkages, development needs. Namwon region is the common geographical combination of city-county units found throughout the nation. Field trips and questionnaire surveys conducted in the summer 1986. 1. Potential Resources; The study identifies those resources having more advantages than other regions. The montane environment of the eastern half of the region provides materials for the development of wooden-craft and stone industries. These can offer job opportunities for semi-skilled and unskilled labor forces. The Giumji Plain on western part is potential for horticultural development. The cultural assets such as Gwanghanru Pavilion in conjunction with nearby Jirisan National Park are attractive to tourists

台中豐原東陽地滑致災潛勢調查分析

臺中市豐原區東陽地區當地民眾反應民國88年921地震後，常因颱風、豪雨出現邊坡崩滑等情形，影響周遭居民生命財產及出入安全。經現場勘查發現區內地表有數公尺至數十公尺長的裂隙斷續出現，裂隙大多呈東北-西南走向，其東南側下陷1~11cm，地表有 1m 至 12m 長的裂隙斷續出現，初步確認本區具崩滑徵兆，危及下方道路、民宅、農田等保全對象安全。為求瞭解地滑發生原因與研提治理對策，故進行該地滑地之調查、測量及監測。根據現場調查結果分析、滑動機制分析以及邊坡穩定分析，本研究區為順向坡地形，其岩性屬厚層之泥岩或砂岩，膠結鬆散且強度較低，故易於強地震時產生局部弧形錯動。於汛期時，雨水漫流沖刷入滲表土層，造成表土層浸潤，使得土壤凝聚力驟減，降低土體強度，因而引發本區部分表層土體崩壞，是以降雨可能造成本區表土土體沖刷破壞。且依據地下水位變化與地滑位移量，其地表滑動深度較為明顯處，屬自由地下水層類型，顯示出地下水為研究區內發生地滑變位之潛在因子，其首要問題應為地下水之排除。結果顯示降雨發生至地表逕流產生時，已有部分水體滲入地層內，為了將水份入滲量降低，需規劃設計地表排水，加強地表截排水設施，以及應重新檢核保全住戶後方之擋土設施，以防範災害發生之可能。After the 921 earthquake, landslides due to the typhoon, heavy rainfall events were found by local people at Dongyang area, Fengyuan District, Taichung City, which may endanger the surrounding life and property. The field inspections showed several to ten meters long fissure intermittently appear on region surface. The fissure was mostly northeast-southwest direction. It was initial recognition of the area with landslide indication. It has endangered the safety of the surrounding roads, homes, and the security of preservation object. Therefore, field survey, monitoring, and slope stability analysis were applied to the Dongyang landslide area. It is expected to understand the causes of landslide and help the future countermeasures planning. According to the survey results, the area is a dip slope terrain. The lithology is the genus thick layer of mudstone or sandstone. In the flood season, the overland flow erosion sharply reduces soil strength, and thus triggered some of topsoil collapse. In accordance with the groundwater levels, the depth of surface sliding are located within the groundwater areas. As a result, it is suggested to re-examine the drainage facilities (such as the slope of the drainage ditches, vertical and horizontal drainage facilities, and groundwater drainage) in order to achieve effective interception of surface water and reduce the potential of landslide.摘要 I Abstract II 目錄 III 圖目錄 IV 表目錄 VII 第一章 前言 1 第二章 文獻回顧 3 第三章 材料與方法 8 3.1 研究區域概述 8 3.2 地質鑽探調查 22 3.3 地層變位觀測 24 3.4 地下水位觀測及地下水檢層分析 26 3.5 地表位移觀測 34 3.6 觀測儀器設置位置及說明 36 第四章 結果與討論 39 4.1 地質鑽探結果 39 4.2 地層變位觀測結果 45 4.3 地下水位觀測結果及地下水檢層分析結果 52 4.4 地表位移觀測結果 65 第五章 結論與建議 70 5.1 結論 70 5.2 建議 71 參考文獻 7

外籍居家看護工智慧語言協助系統2.0

[[abstract]]雖然已經有為數不少的專業照顧機構，但是儒家孝道文化薰陶之下的華人社會仍然有極高比例的失能者採取居家照顧方式，由家屬或是受聘顧照顧人員在家庭裡 自行照顧。勞動部的資料顯示，2020 年 7 月底台灣共有 254,515 位外籍看護工協助 照顧居家的失能者。薪資低、服從性高是外籍照顧人員受青睞的主要原因，而語言不通、有逃跑疑慮則是他們的主要劣勢。語言不通造成了居家照顧品質的負面影響，例如：(1)如果家裡只有外籍照顧人員和受照顧者，將難以迅速叫救護車、叫消防車 和報警。(2)外出散心時，若遇到拉肚子、忘記關瓦斯、輪椅故障等緊急情況，將無 法立即求得路人的幫忙。(3)無子女、子女工作繁忙、子女不孝順，從而只有外籍照 顧人員陪伴身旁的情況之下，將無法完成看診掛號，亦將無法完成喘息服務的申請。 妥善設計之預備訊息以及電腦資訊系統的輔助之下，上述四種攸關重大或發生頻繁 的居家照顧人際互動事項，外籍照顧人員同樣可以做得到、做得好。歷經兩屆同學 的努力，我們研發完成了「居家照顧智慧語言協助系統 2.0」來協助解決上述之外 籍照顧人員的語言困難。試用者的反饋意見顯示，本系統效用顯著，具有商品化的潛力

台中豐原東陽邊坡地滑致災潛勢調查分析

臺中市豐原區東陽地區當地民眾反應民國88 年921 地震後，常因颱風、豪雨出現邊坡崩滑等情形，影響周遭居民生命財產及出入安全。經現場勘查發現區內地表有數公尺至數十公尺長的裂隙斷續出現，裂隙大多呈東北-西南走向，其東南側下陷1~11cm，地表有1m 至12m 長的裂隙斷續出現，初步確認本區具崩滑徵兆，危及下方道路、民宅、農田等保全對象安全。為求瞭解地滑發生原因與研提治理對策，故進行該地滑地之調查、測量及監測。根據現場調查結果分析、滑動機制分析以及邊坡穩定分析，本研究區為順向坡地形，其岩性屬厚層之泥岩或砂岩，地層屬軟岩質且強度較低，易於強地震時產生局部弧形錯動。於汛期時，雨水漫流沖刷入滲表土層，造成表土層浸潤，使得土壤凝聚力驟減，降低土體強度，因而引發本區部分表層土體崩壞，是以降雨可能造成本區表土土體沖刷破壞。且依據地下水位變化與地滑位移量，其地表滑動深度較為明顯處，由此判斷，依賦存狀況應屬於自由水類型，富集方式屬於為斷層型富集，顯示出地下水為計畫區內發生地滑變位之潛在因子，其首要問題應為地下水之排除。結果顯示降雨發生至地表逕流產生時，已有部分水體滲入地層內，為了將水份入滲量降低，需規劃設計地表排水，加強地表截排水設施，以及應重新檢核保全住戶後方之擋土設施，以防範災害發生之可能。After the 921 earthquake, landslides due to the typhoon, heavy rainfall events were found by local people at Dongyang area, Fengyuan District, Taichung City, which may endanger the surrounding life and property. The field inspections showed several to ten meters long fissure intermittently appear on region surface. The fissure was mostly northeast-southwest direction. It was initial recognition of the area with landslide indication. It has endangered the safety of the surrounding roads, homes, and the security of preservation object. Therefore, field survey, monitoring, and data analysis were applied to the Dongyang landslide area. It is expected to understand the causes of landslide and help the future countermeasures planning. According to the survey results, the area is a dip slope terrain. The lithology is the genus thick layer of mudstone or sandstone. In the flood season, the overland flow erosion sharply reduces soil strength, and thus triggered some of topsoil collapse. In accordance with the groundwater levels, the depth of surface sliding are located within the groundwater areas. As a result, it is suggested to re-examine the drainage facilities (such as the slope of the drainage ditches, vertical and horizontal drainage facilities, and groundwater drainage) in order to achieve effective interception of surface water and reduce the potential of landslide