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    A critical comment on A. D. Smiths phenomenological approach against the argument from illusion and the argument from hallucination

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    ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ„์ ‘์  ์‹ค์žฌ๋ก , ์ง์ ‘์  ์‹ค์žฌ๋ก , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ด€๋…๋ก ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฉ์‹œ ๋…ผ์ฆ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฐ ๋…ผ์ฆ์€ ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž…์žฅ ์ค‘ ์ง์ ‘์  ์‹ค์žฌ๋ก ์„ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋…ผ์ฆ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. A. D. ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค(A. D. Smith)๋Š” ์ €์„œ The Problem of Perception์—์„œ ์ด ๋‘ ๋…ผ์ฆ์„ ๋…ผ๋ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ด ๋‘ ๋…ผ์ฆ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ง์ ‘์  ์‹ค์žฌ๋ก ์ด ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹˜์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐฉ์‹œ ๋…ผ์ฆ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฐ ๋…ผ์ฆ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ผ์ฆ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐฉ์‹œ ๋…ผ์ฆ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฐ ๋…ผ์ฆ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค์˜ ์ „๋žต์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์  ๋™์ผ์„ฑ ์ „์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ˆจ์€ ์ „์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ์ˆจ์€ ์ „์ œ๊ฐ€ ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค ๋ณธ์ธ์ด ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ผ์ดํ”„๋‹ˆ์ธ ์˜ ๋™์ผ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ถฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค์˜ ์ „๋žต์ด ๋‚ด์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.There are three theories which address the question of whether we can directly perceive the physical world. These are the theories of direct realism, indirect realism, and idealism. Among them, it appears that direct realism has been defeated by the argument from illusion and the argument from hallucination. In his book The Problem of Perception, A. D. Smith attempts to show that direct realism is not defeated by at least these two arguments. His defense of direct realism against the two arguments is based on his account of the phenomenology of perceptual experience. In this paper, I show that there is a hidden assumption, referred to as the identity of phenomenology in his work and that the assumption contradicts Leibnizs law of identity, which is the very law accepted by Smith himself
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