41 research outputs found

    ๋†์•” ๊น€์ฐฝํ˜‘์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฐœ๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋†์•” ๊น€์ฐฝํ˜‘์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ์ •ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์žฌ์„ค์ •ํ•จ์— ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๊น€์ฐฝํ˜‘์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ๋ณด๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ํ˜•์„ฑ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ, ํ˜ธ๋ฝ๋…ผ๋ณ€๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ฃผ์š” ๋…ผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„์„œ ๋†์•” ์ฒ ํ•™์— ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐœ๋…๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธด๋ฐ€์„ฑ์„ ์†Œํ™€ํžˆ ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ค์‚ฌ ๋†์•”์ฒ ํ•™์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉ์ ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทธ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ฒด๊ณ„์™€๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋“ค์–ด ์ •ํ•ฉ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค

    Focusing on Corporate Temporal Orientation and the Agency Cost

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ฒฝ์˜๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ,2019. 8. ๋ฐ•์ฒ ์ˆœ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ธต์ด๋ก ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฒฝ์˜์ธ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์ ์ธ ์ž๊ธฐ์ด์ต์ถ”๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  ํƒœ๋„, ์ฆ‰ short-termism์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ธต์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๊ฒธ์†ํ•จ(humility)์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ํŒŒํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„(Top management team, TMT) ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์ด ๊ฐ์ž ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์ ์ธ ์ด๊ธฐ์  ์„ ํƒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ „๋žต์ด ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ, ๊ฒธ์†ํ•œ CEO๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ž„ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์กฐ์ ˆ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ TMT ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹์ธ Blau์ง€์ˆ˜(Blau, 1977)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ TMT๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š”์ง€(asset durability)๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์— ๋ถ€(-)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฒธ์†ํ•จ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ 1)ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ(openness to feedback) , 2) ์ž๊ธฐ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ž˜ ์•Ž(self-awareness), 3)ํƒ€์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ •(appreciation of others), 4) ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ(low self focus)์˜ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , TMT์˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฒธ์†ํ•œ CEO๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ž„ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฐ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํŒ€๋‚ด ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์•ž์— ์„œ์ˆ ํ•œ ๋ถ€(-)์˜ main effect๋ฅผ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ, CEO humility ์ž์ฒด๋„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์ „๋žต์  ํฌ์ง€์…˜์„ ์ทจํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. KOSPI์— ์ƒ์žฅ๋œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด 225๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ 2013~2016๋…„์˜ 4๊ฐœ๋…„๋„ ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, TMT ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๋ น์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ž๋ณธ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์ด ์‹ค์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ humble CEO๋Š” ์ด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •(+)์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ moderateํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ ์ฆ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, CEO humility ์ž์ฒด๋„ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  ํˆฌ์ž์— positive ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์ด ์ฆ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ํŒŒํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒธ์†ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž, ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์ธ์ง€ ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์ฒ™์ ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ธ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ธฐ(steward)์ธ์ง€์˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ๊ฐ์ข… ์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํ†ต์ œ์žฅ์น˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œํ•œ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ธฐ๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ†ต์ œ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์šฐ์„  CEO humility์™€ ์ด์ต์กฐ์ •์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ต์ถ”๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์†Œ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ, ์ฆ‰, ์ •๋ณด ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ(Information asymmetry)๊ณผ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ถฉ๋Œ(Conflict of Interests)์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ•ด์†Œ๋  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, CEO humility๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ด์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ์ด์ต์กฐ์ •ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒธ์†ํ•œ CEO๋Š” steward์ ์ธ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด, ์‚ฌ์™ธ์ด์‚ฌ(outside director)์˜ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ์ž„๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ํˆฌ์ž์ž์˜ ๋น„์œจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ†ต์ œ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒธ์†ํ•œ CEO๊ฐ€ ์ด์ต์กฐ์ •ํ–‰์œ„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. KOSPI์— ์ƒ์žฅ๋œ 210๊ฐœ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํŒจ๋„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ CEO์˜ ๊ฒธ์†ํ•จ๊ณผ ์ข…์† ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์ด์ต์กฐ์ •๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถ€(-)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, CEO humility์™€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ํ†ต์ œ์žฅ์น˜์ธ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธํˆฌ์ž ๋น„์œจ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ์ด์ต์กฐ์ •์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฒธ์†ํ•œ CEO๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€ํ†ต์ œ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด์ต์กฐ์ •์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ์ด์ต์ถ”๊ตฌ์  ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธํˆฌ์ž์ž์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ, ์ฆ‰ ๊ฒฌ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ด์ต์กฐ์ •์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ€(-)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„ํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.In this study, I focus on self-interest seeking behaviors and short-termism of professional CEOs, which are of primary interest in the upper echelons theory. Recently, humility, as one of the psychological characteristics of CEOs, has received much attention from both scholars and practitioners. Thus, I attempt to understand whether CEO humility can solve problems associated with the self-interest seeking behaviors and short-termism of CEOs. In the first part of this study, I examine how CEO humility can moderate the relationship between Top management team(TMT) diversity in background characteristics and the organizations short-term orientation. I measure the independent variable of TMT diversity in background characteristics with the Blau index (Blau, 1977) and the dependent variable of the organizations long-term orientation with asset durability. I predict that as TMT diversity in background characteristics increases, the long-term orientation of the organization, captured by asset durability decreases, because of the conflicts from the increasing diversity in firms with Korean cultural settings. In particular, I define CEO humility as a construct that is composed of openness to feedback, self-awareness, appreciation of others, and low self-focus. I expect that when organizations have humble CEOs, these four components reduce conflicts among TMT members, negatively moderating the main relationships mentioned earlier. Besides the moderating effects, I test if CEO humility is positively associated with the long-term orientation of the organization. Based on the panel analysis of 255 companies listed in KOSPI, I find that TMT diversity in age decreases the tendency of the organization to invest in durable assets. When CEOs are humble, the negative relationship between TMT diversity in age and the tendency of the organization to invest in durable assets is negatively moderated, supporting my hypothesis. In addition, I find that CEO humility is positively related to the long-term orientation of the organization. In the second part, to examine the underlying characteristics of humble CEOs, I empirically studied whether humble CEOs are similar to stewards or agents. If humble CEOs are agents, they are likely to create agency costs and problems. As supported by previous literature, these problems will be limited by the different types of internal control mechanisms of corporate governance that reduce agency costs. If humble CEOs are stewards, there will be no agency costs and the internal control mechanism will be ineffective. To answer this question, I empirically studied the relationship between CEO humility and agency costs associated with self-interest seeking behaviors captured by earnings management. In particular, reducing agency costs require the resolution of both information asymmetry and conflicts of interest. I predict that the four underlying characteristics of CEO humility are effective in resolving agency costs. Furthermore, I predict that because humble CEOs are similar to steward CEOs, the excessive appointment of outside directors, the increasing proportion of foreign investors, or the adoption of stock options, will either fail to or negatively moderate the relationship between CEO humility and earnings management. Based on the panel analysis of 210 companies listed in KOSPI, I find that CEO humility is not significantly related to earnings management. However, the proportion of the foreign investors positively moderates the relationship between CEO humility and earnings management. Therefore, even when CEOs are humble, the proportion of foreign investors acts as a strong internal control mechanism and humble CEOs end up engaging in self-interest seeking behaviors, such as earnings management. However, when there is lack of control and monitoring mechanism, CEO humility can lower earnings management. From these results, I can conclude that the humble CEO is not an agent.Chapter 1: Overall Introduction 1 Research Background and Objectives 2 Organization of Dissertation 4 Chapter 2: The Effects of TMT Diversity on Corporate Temporal Orientation: Moderating Role of the CEO Humility 5 Introduction 6 Theoretical Background and Hypotheses 8 Methods 24 Results 31 Discussions and Limitations 34 Chapter 3: Are Humble CEOs Agents Earnings Management and the Role of Governance Control Mechanism 40 Introduction 41 Theoretical Background 43 Hypotheses Development 49 Methods 55 Results 62 Discussions and Limitations 65 Chapter 4: Overall Conclusions 69 References 71 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 87Docto

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™๋ถ€,2007.Docto

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์Œ์•…๋Œ€ํ•™ ์Œ์•…๊ณผ, 2018. 8. ๊น€์˜๋ฅ .์•ค์˜๋‹ˆ ํ”Œ๋กœ๊ทธ(1947- )๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€์ด๋‹ค. ์›๋ž˜๋Š” ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ์„ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์˜ค์ผ€์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์„ ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž๋กœ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์†”๋กœ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ์Œ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 28์„ธ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” 1989๋…„ ๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ์—์„œ Sergei Prokofieff(1891-1953)์˜ ์—ฐ์ฃผํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ธธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ • ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ „์—๋„ ์ž‘๊ณก ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์‹ ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์™€ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 2001๋…„ ์ด ํ›„๋กœ, ํ”Œ๋กœ๊ทธ๋Š” ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์€ํ‡ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ์€ํ‡ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ›„์— ๋ฐ”๋€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์€ ๊ธˆ๊ด€ ์•…๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณก๋งŒ์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ๋‚˜, ๊ตํ–ฅ๊ณก ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ผํ† ๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ณก์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋กœ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž์ด์ž ๊ต์œก์ž์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ ๊ณก์„ ์ž‘๊ณกํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ณค๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ์˜ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์—ญ๋„ ์ ์ฐจ ๋„“์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ํ”Œ๋กœ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณก์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณก์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ์ œ ์ฝฉ์ฟจ์˜ ์ง€์ •๊ณก์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๋ ˆํŒŒํ† ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๊ณก์— ์ „๋…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ž‘๊ณกํ–ˆ๋˜ ์€ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์œ ๋ช… ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž Gabriele Cassone(1960- )๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž‘๊ณกํ•œ ๊ณก์ด๋‹ค. ์ œ๋ชฉ์ด Postcards์ด๋“ฏ์ด ์ด๊ณก์€ Gabriele Cassone์™€์˜ ์—ฝ์„œ๋กœ ์–ฝํžŒ ์ผํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๊ณก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๋ฐ˜์ฃผ์˜ ๊ณก์ด๋ฉฐ, 3์•…์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์€ ๋งˆ๋”” ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์ž ํ‘œ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. 1์•…์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋กœ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์•…๊ณก ํŠน์ง•์ธ ํ•œ์Œ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŠน์ • ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒ€์•…๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2์•…์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ปต ๋ฎคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์Œ์ƒ‰์„ ์ข€ ๋” ์–ด๋‘ก๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  3์•…์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ์˜ ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ํ…Œํฌ๋‹‰์„ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋„์ „์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•ž์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด ๊ณก์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋„์ „์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณก์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ณก์˜ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด์ง•์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ž˜ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋” ๊นŠ์€ ์Œ์•…์  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋กœ๊ทธ๋Š” ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์กด๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ฐฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณก ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š”์–ด ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ, ํ”Œ๋กœ๊ทธ(Plog), ๋ฌด๋ฐ˜์ฃผ, ํ˜„๋Œ€์Œ์•…, Postcards, ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด์ง• ํ•™๋ฒˆ 2016-21884I. ์„œ๋ก (1) II. ๋ณธ๋ก (2) 1. ์•ค์˜๋‹ˆ ํ”Œ๋กœ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ถ(2) 2. ์•ค์˜๋‹ˆ ํ”Œ๋กœ๊ทธ์˜ ์Œ์•…์  ์‚ฌ์กฐ(4) 2.1. ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ, ๊ณ„๊ธฐ, ์‚ฌ๊ฑด(4) 2.2. ์ž‘๊ณก์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นœ ์š”์ธ๋“ค(4) 2.3. ์•ค์˜๋‹ˆ ํ”Œ๋กœ๊ทธ ์Œ์•…์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง•(5) 3. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„(8) 3.1. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๊ฐœ๊ด€(8) 3.2. ๊ณก์˜ ํŠน์ง•(10) 3.3. ๋ถ„์„(11) โ“ต 1์•…์žฅ(11) โ“ถ 2์•…์žฅ(15) โ“ท 3์•…์žฅ(18) 4. ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฒ•(23) III. ๊ฒฐ๋ก (31) ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก(33) ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ(36) ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ(37) Abstract(40)Maste

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