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    ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ, ํ•™์Šต์ž ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ์™€ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ(๊ต์œก๊ณตํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2013. 2. ๋‚˜์ผ์ฃผ.์ •๋ณด์™€ ์ง€์‹์„ ์Šต๋“ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋งค์ฒด๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์‹์ด๋‚˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์Šต๋“ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ฝ๊ธฐํ•™์Šต์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘, ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ด ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž๋Š” ๊ธ€์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์–ดํœ˜๋‚˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๋Š” ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•™์Šต์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ž(ํ•™์Šต์ž, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•™์Šต๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์–‘์‹์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ •๋ณด๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์€ ํ•™์Šต์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž ํŠน์„ฑ์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ, ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž ๋ณ€์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋น„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ, ํ•™์Šต์ž ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํšจ๊ณผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์žฌํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฝ๊ธฐํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ์™€ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ฝ๊ธฐํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ์™€ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ. ์ฝ๊ธฐํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฝ๊ธฐํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ฝ๊ธฐํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ์— ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์ฝ๊ธฐํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ์ฝ๊ธฐํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฏ์งธ, ์ฝ๊ธฐํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฆฝ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 6ํ•™๋…„ ํ•™์ƒ 203๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 10์›”์— 2ํšŒ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์‹คํ—˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ์„ค๋ช…์  ํ…์ŠคํŠธ, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž ํ™œ๋™์ง€, ํ•™์Šต์ž ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž ํ™œ๋™์ง€, ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•™์Šต์ž ๊ตฌ์„ฑ, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒ์œ„ 35%, ํ•˜์œ„ 35% ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„ค ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋น„์ฟผํ„ฐ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์  ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•™์Šตํ•œ ํ›„, ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์™€ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด์›๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„(Two-way ANOVA)์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„ ์ ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•จ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(F=5.107, p.05). ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฝ๊ธฐํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•™์Šต์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž„์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 7 3. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 9 ๊ฐ€. ์ฝ๊ธฐํ•™์Šต 9 ๋‚˜. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž 9 ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ 9 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 10 1. ์ฝ๊ธฐํ•™์Šต์—์„œ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž 10 ๊ฐ€. ์ฝ๊ธฐํ•™์Šต์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 10 ๋‚˜. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์™€ ์ฝ๊ธฐํ•™์Šต์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 14 2. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ณผ ํ•™์Šตํšจ๊ณผ 26 ๊ฐ€. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 26 ๋‚˜. ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ, ํ•™์Šต์ž ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž ๊ด€๋ จ ์ด๋ก  27 ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต์—ฐ๊ตฌ 30 3. ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ 33 ๊ฐ€. ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์™€ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ 33 ๋‚˜. ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 35 4. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ 37 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 39 1. ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ 39 2. ์‹คํ—˜์„ค๊ณ„ 40 3. ์‹คํ—˜์ ˆ์ฐจ 43 ๊ฐ€. ์‹คํ—˜ ์ „ ์ค€๋น„๋‹จ๊ณ„ 44 ๋‚˜. ์‹คํ—˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๋‹จ๊ณ„ 46 ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ์‹ค์‹œ ํ›„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ 47 4. ์‹คํ—˜๋„๊ตฌ 47 ๊ฐ€. ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 47 ๋‚˜. ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 48 ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž ํ™œ์šฉ ์ฝ๊ธฐํ•™์Šต 50 ๋ผ. ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 57 ๋งˆ. ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 57 5. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 58 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 59 1. ์‹คํ—˜์ฒ˜์น˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 59 2. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ 61 3. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ 66 โ…ค. ๋…ผ์˜ 71 1. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„ ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ 72 2. ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„ ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ 75 3. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์กฐ์ง์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํšจ๊ณผ 76 โ…ฅ. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  80 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 89 ๋ถ€๋ก 108 Abstract 131Maste

    Longitudinal Analyses on Contagion of Depression and Reciprocal Relationships between Depression and Marital Satisfaction of Married Elderly Couples in Korea

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ํ•™๊ณผ,2020. 2. ํ•˜์ •ํ™”.The present study aims to explore the dyadic longitudinal interplay between married elderly couples' depression and to examine reciprocal associations between depression and quality of marriage. The majority of previous studies focused on intra-individual predictors of depression in later life, neglecting interpersonal phenomena such as interdependence or reciprocal influences. Given that people are continuously and inevitably influenced by emotions, attitudes, thoughts and behaviors of significant others, such as a spouse, the risk of depression can increase if his or her spouse experiences depressive symptoms. That is, the contagion of depression may occur. The present study investigates the contagion of depression between marital partners, which may be understanding depression in interpersonal context. The second objective of this study is to examine the reciprocal relationships between depression and marital satisfaction, a widely used indicator of marital quality. Despite substantial research reporting a significant association between marital satisfaction and depression, causal relations between two constructs remain unclear to this date. Thus, the present study simultaneously examines the bidirectional or reciprocal relationships between depression and marital satisfaction. The research questions of this study are as follows. First, how does elderly husbands' and wives' depression affect depression of one another over time? Second, is there a reciprocal relationship between depression and marital satisfaction in elderly married couples? The analytic model in this study is based on the longitudinal Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM), using AutoRegressive Cross-Lagged Model (ARCL). In addition, marital satisfaction consists of one latent variable, named common fate variable measured in both spouses. The present study uses data from four annual waves of the Korean Welfare Panel Study (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018) for analyses. The final sample of this study comprises a total of 1,383 married couples over 60 years of age in 2015. Structural equation modeling is employed to identify longitudinal relationships between the constructs. The results are as follows: first, the results show that the depression level of one spouse had a significant long-term effect on depression of the other spouse. Specifically, husbands' higher level of depression significantly predicted the wives' higher level of depression one year later, while controlling for autoregressive effect of their depression level of previous year, and vice versa. Second, marital satisfaction, conceptualized as a common fate variable, was also longitudinally related to the depression level of both partners. That is, a higher level of marital satisfaction was associated with lower levels of depression in both husbands and wives in the following year. On the other hand, higher levels of depression in both spouses also predicted lower levels of marital satisfaction in later years. The results also demonstrated the presence of bidirectional associations between depression and marital satisfaction in elderly married couples. This study has several implications. First, this study provides important empirical evidence for contagion of depression in interpersonal context. Moreover, this study suggests that marital relationships are an important of interventions in preventing and treating elderly depression, and that longitudinal interplay between depression and marital satisfaction can lead to a vicious cycle. In sum, the findings of this study emphasize the need for concurrent interventions both in depression and marital satisfactions using individual and couple-centered approaches.์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „ ์ƒ์• ์™€ ์‚ถ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์šฐ์šธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์ ยท์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ์šธ์€ ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ๊ฐ€์ค‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ์šธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ฒœ์ ยท์ •์ฑ…์  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์šฐ์šธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ถ€๋ถ€์˜ ์šฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ์šฐ์šธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋‚ด์  ์š”์ธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์ธ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ์šธ์ด ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์†์—์„œ ์˜์‹์  ํ˜น์€ ๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ง€์†์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์„œ๋‚˜ ํƒœ๋„, ์ธ์ง€, ํ–‰๋™ ๋“ฑ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ ์ฐจ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ „์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ „์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์šฐ์šธ์—์„œ๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์™ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์šฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์˜ ์šฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ(quality)์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ์šฐ์šธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ์šฐ์šธ ๊ฐ„์— ๋†’์€ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‘ ๋ณ€์ธ ๊ฐ„ ์„ ํ›„๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒฌ(็•ฐ่ฆ‹)์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ณ€์ธ์ด ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ , ์ƒํ˜ธ์ˆœํ™˜์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋‚จํŽธ๊ณผ ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ์šฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์šฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์ข…๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ€์˜ ์šฐ์šธ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ข…๋‹จ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ถ€์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–‰์œ„์ž-์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜์กด๋ชจํ˜•(Actor-Partner Interdependence Model)์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ข…๋‹จ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•์ธ ์ž๊ธฐํšŒ๊ท€๊ต์ฐจ์ง€์—ฐ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚จํŽธ๊ณผ ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณตํ†ต์šด๋ช…๋ณ€์ˆ˜(common fate variable)๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ณต์ง€ํŒจ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ 10์ฐจ ๋…„๋„(2015๋…„)๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 13์ฐจ ๋…„๋„(2018๋…„)๊นŒ์ง€์˜ 4๊ฐœ๋…„๋„ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์› ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2015๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด 60์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ€ 1,383์Œ(2,766๋ช…)์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„, ๋Œ€์‘ํ‘œ๋ณธ T ๊ฒ€์ •, ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ„์„, ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹๋ชจํ˜• ๋“ฑ์˜ ์–‘์ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋‚จํŽธ๊ณผ ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ์šฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ข…๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ์ „์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์•„๋‚ด ์šฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํšŒ๊ท€ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ, ์ด์ „ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ์˜ ๋‚จํŽธ์˜ ์šฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ดํ›„ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ์˜ ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ์šฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‚จํŽธ ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํšŒ๊ท€ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ ํ›„์—๋„, ์ด์ „ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ์šฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ์ ์˜ ๋‚จํŽธ์˜ ์šฐ์šธ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ์šฐ์šธ์€ ์ข…๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ˆœํ™˜์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ด์ „ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ถ€ ๊ณตํ†ต์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ดํ›„ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ์˜ ๋‚จํŽธ์˜ ์šฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ์šฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด์ „ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋‚จํŽธ์˜ ์šฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ€ ๊ณตํ†ต์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์ „ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ์˜ ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ์šฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํ•จ์˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ์šฐ์šธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋‚ด์  ์š”์ธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์ธ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜ํ–ฅ, ์ฆ‰ ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ์ „์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ์ „์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€๋ถ€ ๊ฐ„ ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ˆœํ™˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ์šฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž… ์ง€์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹ค์ฆ์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ธ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ์šธ์ด ์ „์ด๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ์šฐ์šธ์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ˆœํ™˜์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ข…๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ๋ถ€์ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ถ€๋ถ€ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์šฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ์šฐ์šธ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ์ž…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€๋ถ€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์—์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋„๋ชจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ์šฐ์šธ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฒœ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ถ€๋ถ€ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ถ€ ๊ฐ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ถ€๋ถ€ ๊ณตํ†ต์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ๋‚จํŽธ๊ณผ ์•„๋‚ด ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์šฐ์šธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ถ€์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ์šฐ์šธ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฒœ์ , ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ 1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 7 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 8 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ์šฐ์šธ๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ ์ „์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 8 1. ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ์šฐ์šธ 8 1) ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ์ •์˜ 8 2) ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ์šฐ์šธ 12 2. ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ์ „์ด(Contagion of Depression) 17 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 22 1. ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„ 22 2. ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ 27 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  30 1. ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ€ ๊ฐ„ ์šฐ์šธ ์ „์ด 31 2. ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ์šฐ์šธ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 34 1) ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด€์  35 2) ์šฐ์šธ์„ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด€์  37 3) ์šฐ์šธ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ˆœํ™˜์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ 39 3. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 41 ์ œ4์ ˆ ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ์šฐ์šธ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 44 ์ œ3์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 47 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• ์„ค์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 47 1. ํ–‰์œ„์ž-์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜์กด๋ชจํ˜•(Actor-Partner Interdependence Model) 47 2. ๊ณตํ†ต์šด๋ช…๋ชจํ˜•(Common Fate Model) 51 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 55 1. ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ€ ๊ฐ„ ์šฐ์šธ ์ „์ด 55 2. ์šฐ์šธ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ข…๋‹จ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ 56 ์ œ4์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 60 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„์ž๋ฃŒ 60 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ • 64 1. ์šฐ์šธ 64 2. ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ 66 3. ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 66 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜• 70 1. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 70 1) ์ž๊ธฐํšŒ๊ท€๊ต์ฐจ์ง€์—ฐ๋ชจํ˜• 71 2) ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๋ชจํ˜• 73 2. ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜• 76 ์ œ5์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 79 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ†ต๊ณ„ 79 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 79 2. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์‘ํ‘œ๋ณธ T ๊ฒ€์ • 81 1) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์‘ํ‘œ๋ณธ T ๊ฒ€์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 81 2) ๊ฒฐ์ธก์น˜ ํ™•์ธ 87 3. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ 90 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 95 1. ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ€ ๊ฐ„ ์šฐ์šธ ์ „์ด 95 2. ์šฐ์šธ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ข…๋‹จ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ 104 ์ œ6์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  115 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 115 1. ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ€ ๊ฐ„ ์šฐ์šธ ์ „์ด 115 2. ์šฐ์šธ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ข…๋‹จ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ 121 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•จ์˜ 127 1. ์ด๋ก ์  ํ•จ์˜ 127 2. ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ํ•จ์˜ 130 3. ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•จ์˜ 135 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ 138 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 141 ๋ถ€๋ก 178 ์˜๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก(Abstract) 184Docto

    Indole-3-acetic acid์™€ Green light๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ด‘์—ญ๋™์š”๋ฒ•์˜ ์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒํšจ๊ณผ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2012. 2. ๋ฐ•๊ฒฝ์ฐฌ.์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆ„์€ ํ„ธํ”ผ์ง€์ƒ˜ ๋‹จ์œ„ (pilosebaceous unit)์˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ํ”ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์งˆํ™˜์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆ„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์™€ ๋ ˆํ‹ฐ๋…ธ์ด๋“œ์˜ ๊ตญ์†Œ ๋„ํฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ์š”๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ๋ ˆํ‹ฐ๋…ธ์ด๋“œ์˜ ํƒœ์•„ ๊ธฐํ˜• ์œ ๋ฐœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆ„์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋กœ์„œ ๊ด‘๊ฐ์ž‘ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ aminolevulinic acid (ALA)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ด‘์—ญ๋™ ์š”๋ฒ•์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋งŽ์ด ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ํšจ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋“ค๋„ ์ ์ฐจ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ALA ๊ด‘์—ญ๋™ ์š”๋ฒ•์€ ํ†ต์ฆ๊ณผ ์ž‘์—ด๊ฐ, ํ™๋ฐ˜, ๊ฐ์งˆํƒˆ๋ฝ, ์—ผ์ฆ ํ›„ ์ƒ‰์†Œ์นจ์ฐฉ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ด ํ”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธด ๋„ํฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด‘๊ฐ์ž‘ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ์— Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆ„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด‘๊ฐ์ž‘ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆ„ ํ™˜์ž 25๋ช…์—์„œ IAA๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ด‘์—ญ๋™ ์š”๋ฒ•์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด 5๋ฒˆ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 15๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐ€ํ ํ•˜์— IAA๋ฅผ ๋„ํฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋…น์ƒ‰๊ด‘์„ 15๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž„์ƒ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œํ–‰ ์ „๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ›„ 2, 4, 5์ฃผ ์งธ์— ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆ„ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€๊ณผ ๋น„์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆ„ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์˜ ์ˆ˜, Korean Acne Grading System์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆ„ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œํ–‰ ์ „๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ›„ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5์ฃผ ์งธ์— Sebumeter์™€ Mexameter๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ํ”ผ์ง€๋ถ„๋น„๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํ™๋ฐ˜ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 8๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ ์ „๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ›„ 5์ฃผ์งธ์— ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด์›ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ†ต์ฆ, ํ™๋ฐ˜, ์ƒ‰์†Œ ์นจ์ฐฉ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ 25๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—์„œ IAA ๊ด‘ ์—ญ๋™ ์š”๋ฒ•์„ 5ํšŒ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„์— ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆ„ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€๊ณผ ๋น„์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆ„ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆ„ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„์™€ DLQI๋„ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ”ผ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋น„๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํ™๋ฐ˜ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋„ ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 8๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ์กฐ์ง ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์—์„œ๋„ ์—ผ์ฆ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๋ ค์›€์ฆ์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ IAA์™€ ๋…น์ƒ‰๊ด‘์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ด‘์—ญ๋™ ์š”๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆ„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.Maste

    Design-based Research on the Instructors Adaptive Support Strategy for Perspective Taking in Computer-supported Collaborative Argumentation

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ(๊ต์œก๊ณตํ•™์ „๊ณต),2020. 2. ์กฐ์˜ํ™˜.Dynamic and unprecedented challengesโ€”social, economic and environmentalโ€” driven by globalization and a rapid development in technologies require the development of competencies namely collaboration, problem-solving, and communication to survive and succeed in the twenty-first century. Accordingly, collaborative learning activities such as discussion, problem-based learning, and collaborative argumentation are being actively pracised in schools. Particularly, computer-supported collaborative argumentation is regarded as a method to enhance learners' cognitive and social ability using the characteristics of computer-mediated learning. Computer-supported collaborative argumentation is an activity in which a small group of learners share their views and opinions on a given problem and generate solutions based on critical discussion. Computer-supported collaborative argumentation activity is, however, not always effective; Learners can experience ineffective learning processes and outcomes, especially if they are not capable of 'perspective taking'. Perspective taking refers to the ability to express and experience a situation from another's point of view; to infer what others would think and objectify one's view. The perspective taking can be classified into cognitive and affective aspects. Cognitive perspective taking refers to the ability to infer and understand the thoughts, knowledge, and opinions of others in a particular situation whereas affective perspective taking means to accurately infer other people's emotional state by empathizing with them. Although perspective taking has mainly been studied in the characteristics of individual characteristics, recent studies examine perspective taking as group characteristics and its effect on the collaborative process. On the other hand, it should be noted that providing learners with the same support without considering the level of learners' perspective taking during the computer-based collaborative argumentation process can reduce the effectiveness of support. Instructors, therefore, need to provide adaptive support to promote perspective taking so that learners can effectively participate in computer-supported collaborative argumentation process. In this respect, this study aims to develop teachers' adaptive support strategy for promoting learners' perspective taking in computer-based collaborative argumentation and examine its effectiveness. For this, the study used a design-based research approach. Design-based research (DBR) is a systematic and flexible research methodology that addresses problems identified in practice through the iterative process of analysis, design, development, and implementation in collaboration between research and a field expert. In addition, DBR makes a practical contribution toward the development of emergent theories of learning and understandings of how the intervention functions. The study comprised two cycles of design, intervention, analysis and reflection; Study I corresponds to the first iterative cycle and study II corresponds to the second iterative cycle. The Study I was conducted with the aims to develop the instructors adaptive support strategy for perspective taking and to explore individual and group perspective taking activities in computer-supported collaborative argumentation. In regard to develop the instructors adaptive support strategies, two specific research questions were set to guide the study: (1) what are the instructors adaptive support strategies for perspective taking in computer-supported collaborative argumentation? and (2) How do learners perceive the instructors adaptive support for perspective taking in computer-supported collaborative argumentation? In respect to explore learners' perspective taking, the following research questions guided the study: (1) how does the individual-level perspective taking work in computer-supported collaborative argumentations? and (2) how does the group-level perspective taking work in computer-supported collaborative argumentation? This study was conducted in the following process. First, the initial support strategies were developed based on the perspective taking theory and related studies, and reviewed by four experts. Then, four sessions of collaborative argumentation class were conducted with participation of 29 male middle school students with adaptive support for field implementation. Learners in a group of 3~4 students used laptops to make collaborative argumentations on the theme of dam construction in the Mekong river Basin. After that, a survey (questionnaires on effectiveness, ease of use, attitude on collaboration, & perceived learning outcome) and a focus group interview (effects & improvements) were conducted and activity data (online interaction types & reflection data) was analyzed to examine the effectiveness of the strategy and to make further improvements. The studyโ…  developed 5 support strategies and 41 specific guidelines under six components, namely 'Learner characteristic detection', 'perspective taking level-based analysis', 'adaptive feedback', 'adaptive scaffolding', 'adaptive reflection support' and 'adaptive learning support system'. As a result of its implementation, the study confirmed that adaptive support for perspective taking could be effectively used for computer-supported collaborative argumentation activities in face-to-face learning. In addition, the relation between cognitive and affective perspective taking were found, although they were not exactly at the same level. The study also revealed that there was a difference between the level of individual perspective taking and the level of group perspective taking. On the other hand, the need to redefine the level of perspective taking level and to eliminate that strategy and specific guidelines that are not used in the actual adaptive support were identified. Reflecting the improvements suggested by Study I, study II aimed to further examine the effects of the improved adaptive support for perspective taking in computer-supported collaborative argumentation. The research questions on adaptive support strategy for perspective taking are: (1) what are the final strategies for the instructors adaptive support for perspective taking in computer-supported collaborative argumentation? And (2) how do learners perceive the instructors adaptive support for perspective taking in computer-supported collaborative argumentation? The research questions on the effect of the instructors adaptive support strategies include (1) how the instructors adaptive support strategies for perspective taking in computer-supported collaborative argumentations affect argumentation processes?, (2) how do the instructors adaptive support strategies for perspective taking in the computer-based collaborative argumentation affect learning outcomes?, and (3) how do collaborative argumentation processes influence learning outcomes?. The study was conducted in the following procedure. First, three experts reviewed the revised support strategy reflecting the improvement derived from Study I. Then, a quasi-experimental study was conducted on 53 participants of experimental group and 48 participants of control group to examine the effect of the support strategy. The experimental group participated in collaborative argumentation activities with adaptive support whereas the control group involved in a collaborative argumentation activities without adaptive support. Both groups conducted a collaborative argumentation during the four sessions on the subject of the development of the area around desertification using laptops in a group of 3~4 people. Data such as questionnaires (cognitive conflict, relationship conflict, & group cohesion), in-depth interview (effects & improvements), activity data (types of online interaction & reflection data) were collected and analyzed to verify the effects and improvements of the supporting strategy between the two groups on the learning process and outcome. As a result of the study, a total of four final components for support strategy were identified: 'Perspective taking detection', 'adaptive scaffolding', 'adaptive feedback', 'adaptive reflection support', and 10 supporting strategies with 41 specific guidelines were developed. Each component is classified into categories of 'common', 'individual', and 'group' by sorting out the one applies to individuals and groups in common and the one that only applies to individual and group. As a result of applying this method to the class and comparing to the control group, it was confirmed that the instructor's adaptive support for perspective taking developed positively influenced the perspective taking of individual and group in computer-supported collaborative argumentation carried out in the face-to-face class. Furthermore, the high level of cognitive perspective taking in the learning process supported the collaborative argumentation process of learners by promoting cognitive conflict. The high level of affective perspective taking had a positive effect on the learner's affective activities, which helped with effective interaction in the collaborative argumentation process. Moreover, group conflict, group cohesion, and online interaction type during the process of collaborative argumentation were found to have influence on the learning outcomes of individuals and groups. Based on these findings, this study provides discussions for theory on perspective taking and practice on instructional design, and DBR methods. On the theoretical aspects, the study proposed the mechanism model on the relationship between individual and group perspective taking, collaborative argumentation process, and outcomes. The study also discussed the role of perspective taking in the computer-supported collaborative argumentation process and outcomes. On the practical aspect, a procedural model for the design and implementation of the instructors adaptive support was derived and discussed. Moreover, the study discussed the need for learning analytics in the face-to-face learning environment, the effects of adaptive support, and the improvement of teacher's competence. Lastly, in respect to DBR methods, the importance of collaboration between field experts and researchers and applicability of DBR in the educational technology field were discussed. As to conclude, the study proposed a range of areas for future research including the research on the diffusion of the instructor's adaptive support for perspective taking, the need of adaptive support research from the macro perspective, and the need to expand the current study in various contexts. This study demonstrated the possibility of expanding research on the perspective taking of individuals and group in a computer-supported collaborative argumentation context and provided specific cases on providing adaptive support through instructors as mediation by integrating technology in face-to-face classrooms. It is expected to improve computer-supported collaborative argumentation activity for the development of collaborative skills in changing classrooms with the development of technology and provide implications for future research on adaptive support based on perspective taking and learning analytics that can bring about qualitative improvement of a learning experience.21์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ง€์‹๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์—ญ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ, ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ† ๋ก , ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•™์Šต, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต ํ™œ๋™์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•์‹๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์ธ์ง€์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์€ ์†Œ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ธ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์•ˆ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ํ™œ๋™์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ(perspective taking)'์— ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์€ ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ์ง€ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์€ ์ธ์ง€์ , ์ •์„œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ง€์  ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์€ ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์‹, ๊ฒฌํ•ด ๋“ฑ์„ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ •์„œ์  ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์€ ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์ด ๋˜์–ด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋Š๊ปด๋ณด๊ณ  ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ์ • ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด์™”์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์ง€์›(instructional support)์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ํ™œ๋™ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™์Šต์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ง€์›์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์›์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ๊ณผ์ •์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์›์„ ์ ์‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ œํ•œ์ ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ „๋žต์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ต์œก ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์˜ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„, ์„ค๊ณ„, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ–‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹ค์ œ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์œผ๋กœ, ์‹ค์ œ ๊ต์œก ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์™€ ํ˜„์žฅ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฅ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž…์•ˆ๊ณผ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ 1์ธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ… ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ…ก์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ… ์€ 1์ฐจ ์ˆœํ™˜์—, ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ…ก๋Š” 2์ฐจ ์ˆœํ™˜์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ… ์—์„œ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ…ก์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์›์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ… ์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ํ™œ๋™ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ „๋žต์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ํ™œ๋™ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ „๋žต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” (1) ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ „๋žต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€, (2) ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์ธ์‹์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ์–‘์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” (1) ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”๊ฐ€, (2) ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ง€์›์ „๋žต์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ 4๋ช…์ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฅ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ 29๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ 4์ฐจ์‹œ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต์ž๋Š” 3~4์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉ”์ฝฉ๊ฐ• ์œ ์—ญ์˜ ๋Œ ๊ฑด์„ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„, ์„ค๋ฌธ(ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ, ์šฉ์ด์„ฑ, ํ˜‘๋ ฅํƒœ๋„, ์ธ์ง€๋œ ํ•™์Šต๊ฒฐ๊ณผ)๊ณผ ํฌ์ปค์Šค๊ทธ๋ฃน์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ(ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ), ํ™œ๋™ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ(์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•, ์„ฑ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์–‘์ , ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์›์ „๋žต์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฅ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์™€์˜ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ…ก์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐœ์„ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•™์Šต์ž ํŠน์„ฑ ํƒ์ง€, ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ถ„์„, ์ ์‘์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ, ์ ์‘์  ์Šค์บํด๋”ฉ, ์ ์‘์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ ์ง€์›, ์ ์‘์  ํ•™์Šต์ง€์› ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด 6๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 15๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง€์›์ „๋žต๊ณผ 41๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ์„ธ์ง€์นจ์ด ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ด ๋ฉด๋Œ€๋ฉด ํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ํ™œ๋™์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ์–‘์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์ง€์  ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ณผ ์ •์„œ์  ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ถ”ํ›„ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์žฌ์ •์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘๋ณต ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ์ƒ์„ธ์ง€์นจ์„ ์‚ญ์ œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ˆ˜์—… ์šด์˜์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™ ์•ˆ๋‚ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ…ก๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ…ก๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ… ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ „๋žต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” (1) ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์ข… ์ „๋žต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€, (2) ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์ธ์‹์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ „๋žต์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” (1) ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ „๋žต์ด ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€, (2) ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ „๋žต์ด ํ•™์Šต๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€, (3) ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•™์Šต๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ… ์—์„œ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ ์ง€์›์ „๋žต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ 3๋ช…์ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ์ง€์›์ „๋žต์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ 53๋ช…, ํ†ต์ œ์ง‘๋‹จ 48๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ค€์‹คํ—˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ†ต์ œ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ด ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจ๋‘ 3~4์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ํ™” ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ 4์ฐจ์‹œ ๋™์•ˆ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์„ค๋ฌธ(์ธ์ง€์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ, ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ, ์ง‘๋‹จ์‘์ง‘์„ฑ)๊ณผ ์‹ฌ์ธต ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ(ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ), ํ™œ๋™ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ(์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•, ์„ฑ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์–‘์ , ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์›์ „๋žต์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ตœ์ข… ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ์ด 4๊ฐœ๋กœ, ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ์ ๊ฒ€, ์ ์‘์  ์Šค์บํด๋”ฉ, ์ ์‘์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ, ์ ์‘์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ ์ง€์›์ด ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ•˜์œ„์— 10๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง€์›์ „๋žต๊ณผ 41๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ์„ธ์ง€์นจ์ด ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณตํ†ต, ๊ฐœ์ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ต์ œ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์€ ๋ฉด๋Œ€๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ… ์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ…ก์—์„œ ํ•ด์†Œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ธ์ง€์  ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์€ ์ธ์ง€์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ •์„œ์  ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์€ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์ •์˜์  ํ™œ๋™์— ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋„๋ก ๋„์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋‚ด ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์ง‘๋‹จ์‘์ง‘์„ฑ, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ํ•™์Šต๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ์ธก๋ฉด, ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ์ธก๋ฉด, ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ก ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ๊ณผ์ •, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์˜ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฉด๋Œ€๋ฉด ํ•™์Šตํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต๋ถ„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ, ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ, ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์™€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๊ณตํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์„ ํ™•์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ, ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ์˜ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์› ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์žฅ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฉด๋Œ€๋ฉด ๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™์Šต๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ์งˆ์  ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 9 ๊ฐ€. ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ…  9 ๋‚˜. ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ…ก 10 3. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 11 ๊ฐ€. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€(computer-supported collaborative argumentation) 11 ๋‚˜. ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ(perspective taking) 11 ๋‹ค. ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ „๋žต 13 ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 15 1. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต์ž ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 15 ๊ฐ€. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํŠน์ง• 15 ๋‚˜. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 21 ๋‹ค. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์—์„œ์˜ ํ•™์Šต์ž ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์ง€์› 26 2. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ๊ณผ ์—ญํ•  30 ๊ฐ€. ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์œ ํ˜• 30 ๋‚˜. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ ๋ฐ ์—ญํ•  41 ๋‹ค. ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ์ง€์›๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 47 3. ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ „๋žต 51 ๊ฐ€. ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ 51 ๋‚˜. ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ „๋žต 58 4. ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 63 ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ…  : ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ์–‘์ƒ 68 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 68 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 69 ๊ฐ€. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 69 ๋‚˜. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ 72 ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šตํ™˜๊ฒฝ 84 ๋ผ. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 90 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 103 ๊ฐ€. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ „๋žต 103 ๋‚˜. ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์Šต์ž ์ธ์‹ 122 ๋‹ค. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ™œ๋™์˜ ์–‘์ƒ 129 4. ์„ฑ์ฐฐ 138 ๊ฐ€. ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ 138 ๋‚˜. ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ์ด๋ก  ๊ด€๋ จ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ 144 ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ…ก : ์ตœ์ข… ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ 148 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 148 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 149 ๊ฐ€. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 149 ๋‚˜. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ 151 ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šตํ™˜๊ฒฝ 161 ๋ผ. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 164 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 175 ๊ฐ€. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์ข… ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ „๋žต 175 ๋‚˜. ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์ธ์‹ 191 ๋‹ค. ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 194 ๋ผ. ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 210 ๋งˆ. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 214 4. ์„ฑ์ฐฐ 220 ๊ฐ€. ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ 220 ๋‚˜. ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ์ด๋ก  ๊ด€๋ จ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ 224 ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  227 1. ๋…ผ์˜ 228 ๊ฐ€. ๊ด€์ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ์ด๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ 228 ๋‚˜. ์ ์‘์  ์ง€์›์ „๋žต ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ 231 ๋‹ค. ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ 237 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  239 3. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  242 4. ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ 243 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 246Docto

    ์ ์‘ํ˜• ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ๋ง๊ณผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์Šค์ผ€์ค„๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฌผ์ฒด ํƒ์ง€

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    DoctorReal-time object detection is essential for autonomous vehicles. In autonomous driving, object detection should finish within a time limit for autonomous vehicles to make a right decision. Furthermore, real-time constraints can change over time depending on the dynamic execution environment. Although deep learning has remarkably enhanced detection speed and accuracy, ordinary object detectors are unaware of real-time constraints. This dissertation proposes Occamy, an object detection system that provides adaptive neural network execution for real-time object detection. Occamy exploits the trade-offs between detection time and accuracy in ordinary object detection networks to provide real-time object detection. According to the real-time constraints, Occamy dynamically changes the scale of input images and schedules the execution path of an object detection network. In evaluation, this dissertation shows that the Occamy object detection system can satisfy dynamically changing real-time constraints while minimizing accuracy loss
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