17 research outputs found

    ๋งค์›”๋‹น ๊น€์‹œ์Šต์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฌํ•™

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ๋งค์›”๋‹น ๊น€์‹œ์Šต์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ด ์กฐ์„ ์กฐ ์ „๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ๋ฆ„์†์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์™€ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊น€์‹œ์Šต์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์„ ์ดˆ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฌธํ•™์‚ฌ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์†Œ์„ค๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›๋Š” ใ€Œ๊ธˆ์˜ค์‹ ํ™”ใ€์˜ ์ €์ž๋กœ ๋” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊น€์‹œ์Šต์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฌธํ•™์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์น˜์ค‘๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™๋‚ด์ง€ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ๋ฌธํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œ„์—์„œ ํ˜น์€ ๋ฌธํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ทธ์น˜๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ๊น€์‹œ์Šต์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆํ˜•์„ฑ์˜ ์™ธ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊น€์‹œ์Šต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์ •์ธ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ด ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์  ํ•„์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ช…์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์™€์„œ์•ผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ๊น€์‹œ์Šต์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๊ด„ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๊น€์‹œ์Šต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์—ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊น€์‹œ์Šต์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ํฅ ์‚ฌ๋Œ€๋ถ€ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์˜ ๋™๋ฐ˜์ž์  ์ „์œ„๋ถ„์ž๋กœ์„œ ์†Œ์œ„ ํ›ˆ๊ตฌํŒŒ์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ, ๋ด‰๊ฑด์ฒด์ œ์—์˜ ์ˆœ์‘์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์™ธ์ธ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์ด๋‹จ์  ๋ถˆํ‰์ง€์‹์ธ์˜ ์„ ๊ตฌ์  ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ๊น€์‹œ์Šด์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค

    ํ•™๋‚ด๊ธฐ๊ด€ ํƒ๋ฐฉ : ์ค‘์•™๋„์„œ๊ด€

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    ๊ต์ˆ˜ํ•™์Šต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ผํ„ฐ๋Š” ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œกยท์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ํ† ๋Œ€์ธ ์ค‘์•™๋„์„œ๊ด€์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1946๋…„ 8์›” 22์ผ '๊ตญ๋ฆฝ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต'์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ '๊ตญ๋ฆฝ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘์•™๋„์„œ๊ด€'์€ ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ, ์žฅ์„œ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊น€์ค€์„ฑ ์„ ์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›(๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ๊ต์‹ค)์€ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ž„ ์ค‘์ธ ํ—ˆ๋‚จ์ง„ ๊ต์ˆ˜(์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ)๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ค‘์  ์‚ฌ์—…, ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ˜„ํ™ฉ, ์žฅ์„œ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์šด์˜์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋‹ค

    ์กฐ์„ ํ›„๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ

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    outline of the Study and the Acceptance of Western Thought in Modern Korea - The Introduction of Western Thought and Silhak

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    ํ•œ๊ตญ์— ์„œ์–‘์ฒ ํ•™์ด ์กฐ์ง์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ž…๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ 1920๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์ฒ ํ•™์ด ๊ต์ˆ˜๋˜๋ฉด์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์ „์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์„œ์–‘์ฒ ํ•™ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์€ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ์กฐ์ง์ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ๋„์ž…์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์˜ ๋„์ž…์ด๋‚˜ ์„œ์–‘๊ณผํ•™์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์„œ์–‘์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ด ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์กŒ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ์„œ์–‘์ฒ ํ•™ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์˜ ๅ‰ๅฒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•ž๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ์‹คํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์„œ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ˆ˜์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹คํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์„œ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์€ ๋น„๋ก ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ดํ›„ ๋ณดํŽธํ™” ๋œ ์„œ๊ตฌ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ๋„์ž…๋œ ์„œ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ด ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ•œ ์ „๋ฒ”์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค

    In honor of Prof. Lee, Nam-young

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    ์•„๋งˆ 87๋…„ ๊ฒจ์šธ์ฏค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ์ง€๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌดํŠผ ๋ฌด์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์šด ๋‚ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฒ ํ•™ํšŒ ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ณ  ์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ ์ด๋ฌด์ด์‚ฌ์˜€๋˜ ์ด๋‚จ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ„์‚ฌ์˜€๋˜ ํ•„์ž๋Š” ๋Šฆ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ช…๋™ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ํƒ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ 11์‹œ ์ดํ›„์— ํƒ์‹œ์žก๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ ๋‚˜๋„ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ์— ํ•ฉ์Šน์ด๋ผ๋„ ์‹œ์ผœ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ๊ธธ ๋ณตํŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฆฌ ๋›ฐ๊ณ  ์ €๋ฆฌ ๋›ฐ๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ํƒ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์žก์•„ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์„ ๋ถˆ๋ €๋”๋‹ˆ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์„œ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ ์ฒด ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€. ๊ทธ์ƒˆ ํƒ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•ด์ง„ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ์•„๋‹ˆ ํ•ฉ์Šน์ด๋ผ๋„ ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์…”์•ผ์ง€ ์ €๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์€์—ฐ์ค‘ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ํ† ๋กœํ–ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ค€์—„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ธˆ ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๊ณ  ํƒ€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์ •ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ํ•ฉ์Šนํ•ด ๊ฐˆ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ ์žˆ๋ƒ. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋นˆ์ฐจ ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๊ฐˆํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ๋ฉด ๋„ˆ๋‚˜ ํ•ฉ์Šนํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ผ" ์ด๋Ÿฌ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จธ์“ฑํ•ด์ง„ ํ•„์ž๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋„ ์ €๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–กํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ž๊พธ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ ์ฃผ์œ„์—์„œ ํƒ์‹œ ์žก๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋‘˜์”ฉ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋‚จ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋นˆ ํƒ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋‘˜ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋”๋‹ˆ ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ž์— ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ ์„œ์ž ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋’ท์ขŒ์„์— ํƒ€์‹œ๊ณ ๋Š” ์œ ์œ ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€์…จ๋‹ค. ํƒ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฐ ์ง€ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ˜๋งŒ์˜ ์ผ์ด๋‹ค

    ๅผต่ผ‰์˜ ๆฐฃไธ€ๅ…ƒ่ซ–๊ณผ ไปป่–ๅ‘จ์˜ ๆฐฃไธ€ๅˆ†ๆฎŠ่ชช

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    In this study, my aim was to clarify the connection between the historical circumstances of the late Choson period and various Qi-based philosophies of the time--which perhaps can be traced to the philosophical framework of Zhang Zai ๅผต่ผ‰(1020-1077)--by analyzing the dual characteristic of the Qi -based philosophies. In order to set out on these objectives, my methodology was to engage in a comparative analysis of the thought (and respective conceptions of Qi ) of 18th and 19th century scholars who developed Qi -centered philosophies--namely, Im Seong-ju ไปป่–ๅ‘จ. Im Seong-ju comes to have doubts on his previous position supporting the theory of the identity between human nature and the nature of things. After silently reflecting hard on the matter for well over ten years, Im ends up supporting the position of the Nakha School concerning the question of the identity of human nature and that of things on the level of the pure original state of the heart-mind before the feelings ๆƒ… are aroused ๅฟƒไน‹ๆœช็™ผ็ด”ๅ–„; however, in his theory of the original nature ๆ€ง he changes his position to encompass the theory of the non-identity of human nature and the nature of things ไบบ็‰ฉๆ€ง็›ธ็•ฐ่ซ–. In order to maintain consistency in the arguments in his theory of the nature of the heart-mind, Im criticizes both the Nakha and the Hoso ๆน–่ซ– Schools, and comes to re-examine the theory of li openly penetrating in all aspects, and Qi being confined (in space and time) ๏งค้€šๆฐฃๅฑ€่ซ–. Here Im lays down a new definition of Chang Tsais conception of Qi as all-pervasive, one, clear and void ๆน›ไธ€ๆทธ่™›, and pushing the definition to its logical conclusion, arrives at the theory claiming Qis one and its manifestations many ๆฐฃไธ€ๅˆ†ๆฎŠ, thus threatening the very framework of neo-Confucianism

    ๋„๋•๊ฒฝ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์œค๋ฆฌ

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    The Present Situation and Task of Asian Philosophy

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    "์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ฒ ํ•™์€ ๋งŒํ•™์˜ ์—ฌ์™•๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์˜๊ตฌ๋ถˆ๋ณ€์˜ ์ง„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๋ฌธ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋Œ€์ด๋ž˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„๊ณผํ•™์— ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ง€ํ‰์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ช…์ค‘์„ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ๋‚˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์  ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋‚˜ใ€ˆ๋ณดํŽธํ•™ใ€‰์ด๋‹ค" ์ด ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋งŒํ•™์˜ ์™•์ธ ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๊ตฌ๋ถˆ๋ณ€์˜ ์ง„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ์˜จ ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•™๊ณผ์•ˆ๋‚ด์˜ ์ดˆ๋‘์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตณ์ด ์ด ๋ง์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋„ ๊ด‘๋ณต์ดํ›„ 50๋…„๊ฐ„์ด ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Œ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋ž˜๋„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋”๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์–‘์ฒ ํ•™์€ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ธฐ ๊ทธ ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ์žƒ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒ์ด๋‹ˆ ๋” ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€ ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ์— ๋“ค์–ด์™€์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์€ ๋ง์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์•„์ง๋„ ์‹ค๊ฐ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ง์€ '์ฒ ํ•™์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.'๋Š” ๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋ช‡๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ๋ ๊นŒ ์˜์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํŒ์— ๋™์–‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถ™์—ฌ '์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์—์„œ (๋™์–‘)์ฒ ํ•™์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ'๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ง€์ด๋‹ค. ๊ด‘๋ณต์ดํ›„ 50๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์†Œ์œ„ ๋™์–‘์ฒ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ '์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์—์„œ (๋™์–‘)์ฒ ํ•™์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ'๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๊ณ  ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋™์–‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฒ ํ•™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณดํŽธ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๋™์–‘์ฒ ํ•™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋””์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์‹คํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๊ณง ๊ด‘๋ณต์ดํ›„ 50๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๋™์–‘์ฒ ํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ •์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์•„์ฃผ ์†Œ๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์„ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค

    ์‹ ์œ ํ•™์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค๋ฌธ์ œ ์ธ์‹-๊ฒฉ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ท€์‹ ๋ก , ์žฌ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ-

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    ์œ ํ•™์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ˜„์‹ค ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ธ์‹์„ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์œ ํ•™์€ ๊ณต์ž(ๅญ”ๅญ, 551~479B.C.)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐœ์ฐฝ๋˜๊ณ  ๋งน์ž(ๅญŸๅญ, 371~289 B.C.)์™€ ์ˆœ์ž(่€ๅญ, 298?~238?B.C.)๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๊ทผ๋ณธ ์ค„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ๋Š์ž„์—†๋Š” ๋ณ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ž๋“ค(ๅ„’่€…)์˜ ์ธ์‹๋„ ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ํ•™์˜ ๊ฐœ์กฐ(้–‹็ฅ–)์ธ ๊ณต์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๋„ ๊ทธ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์€ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค
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